HOW TO: Modes of death

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Methods of death and how they feel:

- Drowning - when victims eventually submerge, they hold their breath for as long as possible, typically 30 to 90 seconds. After that, they inhale some water, splutter, cough and inhale more. Survivors say there is a feeling of tearing and a burning sensation in the chest as the water goes into the airway. Then that sort of slips into a feeling of calmness and tranquillity. The calmness represents the beginnings of the loss of consciousness from oxygen deprivation, which eventually results in the heart-stopping and brain death.

- Heart Attack - the most common symptom is chest pain, a tightness, pressure or squeezing, often described as an 'elephant on my chest' which may be lasting or come and go. This is the heart muscle struggling and dying from oxygen deprivation. Pain can radiate to the jaw, throat, back, belly and arms. Other signs and symptoms include shortness of breath, nausea and cold sweats. 

 - Bleeding to Death - anyone losing1.5 litres - either through an external wound or internal bleeding - feels weak, thirsty, anxious and would be breathing fast. By 2 litres, people experience dizziness, confusions and eventual unconsciousness. 

- Fire - burns inflict immediate and intense pain through stimulation or the pain nerves in the skin.  To make matters worse, burns also trigger rapid inflammatory response, which boosts sensitivity to pain in the injured tissues and surrounding areas. As burn intensifies progress. some feeling is lost but not much. 3rd-degree burns don't hurt as much as 2nd-degree burns. 

- Decapitation - very quick. Consciousness is said to continue for a few seconds after decapitation. It's thought to be painless. But the separation of the spinal cord and brain may cause severe pain.

- Electrocution - higher currents can produce nearly immediate unconsciousness. The electric chair was designed to produce instant loss of consciousness and painless death, but that is debatable. It's been proposed that prisoners could instead be dying from heating of the brain or perhaps from suffocation due to paralysis of the breathing muscles instead of electrocution itself because the skulls of the wall are thick and powerful insulators.

- Falling from a Height -  another instantaneous death. Survivors of great falls often report the sensation of time slowing down. The natural reaction is to struggle to maintain a feet-first landing, resulting in fractures to the leg bones, lower spinal column and life-threatening broken pelvises. The impact travelling up through the body can also burst the aorta and heart chambers. 

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