Learn Korean , Learn 한굴 by Hwal-wal

#Unit_Lesson 34: General form of Conjugation = Polite Formal Form.

Verb/Adjective (스)ㅂ니까? / -(스)ㅂ니다. ~ㅂ니까 ~(스)ㅂ니까

Stem/Base form = Question? = Statement. 하다(Verb to do) = 합니까? - 합니다. 먹다(Verb to eat) = 먹습니까? - 먹습니다.

이다(verb to be is/am/are) = (noun)입니까? - (noun)입니다.

학생 - Student 학생입니까? - Are you a Student? 학생입니다. - I am a Student.

가방 - Bag 가방입니까? - Is this a bag? 가방입니다. - It is a bag.

Sub.-Obj.-Verb/Adj. 저는 먹습니다. I eat.

필통 (pencil case) = 필통입니다. 책 (book) = 책입니다. 의자 (chair) = 의자입니다.

In conjugating the stem form, you need to drop the '다' to be able to conjugate it to a proper level of respect form. (Verbs) 가다(to go) - 갑니다. 오다(to come) - 옵니다. 읽다(to read) - 읽습니다. 앉다(to seat) - 안습니다. 만들다(to make) - 만듭니다.

(~ in this case, if the last word ends in 'ㄹ', it is removed and ㅂ니다 is written.)

(Adjectives) 예쁘다(to be pretty) - 예쁩니다. 재미있다(to be fun/interesting) - 재미있습니다. 맛있다(to be delicious) - 맛있습니다. 아프다(to be hurt/painful/sick) - 아픕니다. 길다(to be long) - 깁니다. ~ again the rule, if the last word ends in 'ㄹ', it is removed and ㅂ니다 is written.

김치(gim-chi) Fermented Vegetables 김치는 맛있습니다. - Kimchi is delicious.

영화(yeong-hwa) movie 영화는 재미있습니다. - The movie is interesting.

이에요/예요

We knew that Korean verb comes last, the order of the Korean sentence is subject, object, verb. 이에요/예요 comes from the verb 이다.

Korean Sentence Endings Expressing Identification 이에요/예요 are attached to nouns.

Korean Sentence Endings Expressing Identification

이에요/예요 has the same usage as English word – Is. It helps describe some equivalence between two things. The rules are the same as Korean topic marker. 이에요 directly follows words that end in a consonant (with batchim), and 예요 is used after words ending in a vowel (without batchim).

이에요 or 예요 is followed by a noun to make a declarative statement and/or an interrogative statement.

However, when changing the topic, do not leave the subject out of the first sentence. See examples below:

Ending with a vowel

· (저는) 크리스티예요– I am Christy.

· (저는) 빌리예요– I am Billy.

· (저는) 간호사예요– I am a nurse.

Ending with a consonants

· (저는) 이성민이에요– I am Lee Sung Min

· (저는) 경찰이에요– I am a police.

· (저는) 일본 사람이에요– I am Japanese

Do you remember that sentence structure of Korean order of questions and its answer are the same in Comparison of Korean and English? The only difference between questions and answer is questions are always end with a rising tone and declarative sentences end with a slightly falling tone. Hence, when using 이에요/예요, just raising intonation at the end without any change in word order makes the sentence into a question.

· 의사예요? – Are you a doctor?

· 한국 사람이에요? – Are you Korean?

· 경찰 이에요? – Are you a police?

Example dialogue:

1. 가: 이게 뭐예요?

나: 열쇠예요.

2. 가: 저게 뭐예요?

나: 이불이에요.

3. 가: 이건 화장품이에요?

나: 네, 화장품이에요.

+ 열쇠– key

+ 이불– blanket; duvet

+ 화장품– cosmetics; cosmetic; make-up