How COVID-19 spreads
COVID-19 spreads from an infected person to others through respiratory droplets and aerosols that can vary in size, such as:
large droplets that fall to the ground rapidly (within seconds or minutes) near the infected person
smaller droplets, sometimes called aerosols, that linger in the air, especially in indoor spaces
These respiratory droplets and aerosols are created when an infected person:
breathes
talks
sings
shouts
coughs
sneezes
COVID-19 can also spread by touching something that has the virus on it, then touching your mouth, nose or eyes with unwashed hands.
You can transmit COVID-19 before you start showing symptoms or without ever developing symptoms.
Individual public health measures
Individual public health measures are effective actions you can use every day to help reduce the spread of COVID-19. These measures are also sometimes called personal preventive practices. It's most effective to use several measures at once, which is called layering.
Governments and public health authorities across Canada continue to adjust their public health advice based on their local situations. This includes easing of public health requirements. For this reason, you'll need to make your own decisions about which personal measures to take to reduce your risks. It's important to:
stay up to date with your COVID-19 vaccinations
pay attention to public health alerts and signals in your area
local public health authorities may re-instate COVID-19 restrictions and recommendations if the situation changes
think about the risks and make informed decisions on using individual public health measures to keep yourself and others safe
respect the choices that others make about using individual public health measures
consult travel advice, advisories and health notices before travelling
follow public health measures while travelling and upon your return to Canada
Why these actions are still important
Following these actions remains important for many reasons. COVID-19 will continue to spread at different levels in our communities, and outbreaks will still occur. New variants of concern may also emerge.
There's also uncertainty around how long immunity from vaccination and previous infection lasts.
Some settings will continue to be higher risk, including crowded and poorly ventilated public spaces. The risk is higher if activities like singing or shouting, or ones that make people breathe heavily, are occurring.
The consequences of COVID-19 transmission may be greater in some populations and settings. These include people in group living settings and those at risk of more severe disease or outcomes. Following individual public health measures helps to protect these populations.
Post COVID-19 condition
Following individual public health measures can help reduce the risk of infection from COVID-19.
Some people who become infected with COVID-19 may experience long-term symptoms, even after they recover from their initial infection. This is sometimes called post COVID-19 condition or long COVID.
Studies are underway to further understand what causes post COVID-19 condition and how to diagnose and treat it.
People who are at risk of more severe disease or outcomes
You may be at risk of more severe disease or outcomes from COVID-19 if you:
are an older adult (increasing risk with each decade, especially over 60 years)
are pregnant
have Down syndrome
haven't received all of your recommended COVID-19 vaccine doses
have a chronic medical condition
are immunocompromised
live with obesity (if you have a body mass index [BMI] of 40 or more)
If so, it's even more important that you reduce your risk of exposure to the virus. This means you should use all individual public health measures and continue to:
maximize your physical distance from people outside of your immediate household
you can do this by avoiding getting physically close to or having direct physical contact with others
avoid or limit the amount of time spent in closed spaces and crowded places.....
Source: government of Canada
https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/coronavirus-disease-covid-19.html
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