The Do's and Don'ts of Writing a Story

PLOT: Antagonist

1.) An antagonist isn't necessarily a villain:

 - When I hear the word 'villain', I think of someone with sinister/evil intentions. Someone who wants to rule the world or ruins nature by using dark magic or kicks puppies. These characters can be great in stories, but they're not the only option for conflict.

 - An antagonist can be your protagonist's competitor, an overprotective loved one, someone with a different view, or even a different side of the protagonist themselves - think Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde.

 - If your aim is to write an antagonist (who may or may not be a villain), then this post is for you!

2.) Motivation is the holy grail:

 - Do not make your antagonist evil for the sake of being evil. The most famous examples of this is Lago in the Shakespeare play Othello (yes, Shakespeare made mistakes. Deal with it.)

 - In children's stories or melodramatic stage plays, it's fine if your villain simply exists because there has to be someone evil to oppose the MC's good. But if you're writing anything MG or higher, this isn't gonna cut it anymore. 

 - People are complicated. They have different morals, beliefs and alliances. But most people believe that they are good, that they are justified in the way they act and treat others. So, even though a great amount of people are dicks, they don't think they are. 

 - This should translate to your antagonist. They need to have a reason for opposing the protagonist. The first thing you should determine for each character in your book is their fundamental motivation. What is it that they want/are striving for? Is your antagonist ambitious above all else and are they determined to become King? Are they trying to kill you MC because their blood is the only cure for some alien disease? Are they scared of the unknown and detest the protagonist because of their ancestry? Whatever the case is, it needs to be real, identifiable and a strong motive. 

 - If you want to go into a more evil direction and use an inherently flawed/dangerous motivation, I would suggest linking it to solid reasons e.g. if you're writing something like the evil queen in Snow White, you need to link her psychopathic vanity to the flaws of the society she grew up in or the way she was treated as a child etc. Maybe the character has antisocial personality disorder (psychopathy) or was raised to squash all competition. 

 - Motivation is even more important if you intend to write some scenes from the perspective of the antagonist. 

3.) Near invincibility:

 - You can have more than one antagonist in your story, but the bid baddie should be REALLY big.

 - The main antagonist needs to be the biggest thing your protagonist has ever had to face. And they need to be a more than worthy opponent. 

- This ups the tension in your novel, since the reader will be anticipating the final showdown and truly wondering whether the MC will be able to come out on top. 

 - The way way to do this is to litter small conflicts between the two characters throughout the story. Your protagonist should have altercations with the antagonist/ their army/ their minions before the big conflict at the end. Each of these smaller show-downs should end in the protagonist losing/having to retreat/surrendering/getting severely injured and discouraged. 

 - You can show the protagonist beating other opponents, but they shouldn't get the upper hand over the main antagonist until the final conflict. This shows the reader that the MC will really have to dig deep in order to overcome the big conflict. 

 - NB: The antagonist needs to start out waayyy stronger than the protagonist. 

4.) Antagonist plot twists:

 - Antagonist/villains can be great tools for shocking plot twists.

 - This mostly has to do with playing with expectations of who the villain will be. 

 - So, maybe the person your character though was the antagonist has been under evil influence of an even bigger baddie the whole time. 

 - Maybe the antagonist turns out to be the one with the better philosophy/plan. 

 - Maybe one of the 'good' characters turns out to be the actual villain. 

 - Maybe the antagonist is only a figment of the protagonist's imagination (think Black Swan).

 - Maybe the system is the real bad guy and your antagonist is just another victim. 

 - Whatever floats your boat. Just know that you can do wonderful, twisty things with the antagonist. Use that to your advantage. 

5.) Redemption:

 - This is a highly contested topic, but I believe that antagonists can and should sometimes be redeemed.

 - How this happens depends on your specific story and character. Obviously, if the antagonist committed genocide and poisoned kittens, they got some explaining to do. In these cases, the change in mind of the character has to be warranted. Something HUGE needs to happen to them that changes the way they think and behave. And they better be fucking sorry and willing to do whatever it takes to make things right. 

 - If your antagonist isn't the personification of evil, this will be a bit easier. Since they probably opposed the protagonist due to societal ideologies or fraudulent beliefs, it only requires the truth to be revealed for them to shift their alliance. They should still say sorry, though, it's only polite. 

 - My advice with redemption arcs is that the antagonist has to suffer before they can truly be redeemed. they have to face some consequences for the time they spent on the wrong side of the fight. And they shouldn't be trusted/accepted by the protagonist immediately. 

 - If you want to learn how to do a redemption arc right, look at Zuko's story in Avatar: The Last Airbender. He has the best redemption arc in fictional history.