Beliefs: Medieval Arts - >fetus immobile, miniature creature
Leonardo da Vinci -> fetus is an integral part of mother that shares the same blood with her
Kaspar Wolff (1758) -> child share equal amount of chromosomes from both parents
Stages of Fetal Development:
1. Pre – embryonic Stage – from fertilization up to 2 weeks
2. Embryonic Stage – 2-8 weeks
3. Fetal Stage – 8weeks to birth
Terms used to denote fetal growth
Ovum – from ovulation to fertilization
Zygote – from fertilization to implantation
Embryo – 2-8 weeks
Fetus – 8weeks to birth
Conceptus – fetus and placental parts
Fertilization – the beginning of pregnancy
union of ovum and spermatozoa
conception, impregnation, fecundation
ampulla
72 hours
** functional life of sperm = 24 – 48 hours
Ovulation – ovum extruded from Graafian follicle
ovum propelled in fallopian tube
peristaltic action of the fallopian tube proples the ovum to the ampulla
fertilization occurs 24 hours after ovulation
Ovum
> 2 protective layers increase the bulk to facilitate migration to the uterus
protects ovum against injury
Sperm - takes 80 seconds to reach cervix and 5 minutes to reach fallopian tube
After sex : elevate legs. Do not stand up for 5 minutes; put pilllow at the back to elevate legs to help sperm reach fallopian tube faster
Capacitation - final process that the sperm must undergo to be ready for fertilization
starting from testes, the sperm already goes through capacitation + 64days for sperm to mature
Hyaluronidase – top of head of pserm contains hyaluronidase
Ovum
Corona radiata
Zona pellucida
proteolytic enzyme that acts to dissolve the layer of the cells protecting the ovum
Hydatidiform Mole → H – mole
multiple sperm entering the ovum
signs and symptoms same with pregnancy except for fetal heart beat
considered cancer cells, so after D&C, client must have chemotherapeutic drug
Implantation – contact between the growing structure and the uterine endometrium
** Fertilization – pregnancy test + because of ovulation
Day 1 of pregnancy – fertilization
Day 2 of pregnancy – first cell division (zygote)
Day 3 of pregnancy – morula
Day 4 of pregnancy – blastocyst
Day 8 – 10 of pregnancy – implantation
** implantation occurs 8 – 10 days after fertilization: CRUCIAL!
