Backstory: refers to a story about, or containing scenes of, the past history of a character as set well before the canon's timeline. The character's prior background may be previously established in canon and just further elaborated in the fic, or the backstory may be an entirely original creation of the author. As backstory is ostensibly part of the character's unseen history, it may be Jossed by canon at any time or possibly even retconned in at a later date.
See also: Jossed and/or Retcon
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A-Z Fanfiction Guide: Terms to Know
RandomAn A-Z List of all the fanfic terms YOU should know! (Cr. Goes to Angerfire.com for references and information) * this will be updated periodically, so if some things are missing, they haven't been added yet.