LET's Review

Professional Education

Professional Education: Social Dimensions of Education
By LET Review University Research Team

Philosophy - Is defined as the quest for truth based on logical reasoning aside from the factual observation
Branches of Philosophy: Metaphysics, Epistemology, Axiology and Logic
Metaphysics - Deals with the nature of being and reality, essence truth, space, time, causation, essence of God, and the origin and purpose of the universe
Ontology - Deals with the meaning of existence and tries to resolve the question of whether existence is identical with space, time, nature, spirit or God
Subdivisions of Metaphysics: Cosmology, Teleology, Ontology
Advocates of Skepticism - Pyrrho and Rene Descartes
Agnosticism - Is the doctrine that conclusive knowledge of ultimate reality is an outright impossibility and claims that it is impossible for man to prove the existence of God
Epistemology - Study of knowledge
Cosmology - Explains and theorized on the origin and the nature of the universe including creationism and evolutionism
Agnosticism - Is the doctrine that conclusive knowledge of ultimate reality is an outright impossibility and claims that it is impossible for man to prove the existence of God
Posteriori - Advanced the idea that knowledge comes from experience
Priori - Is the reasoning that knowledge comes from pure reason alone, and knowledge is independent and comes from experience.
Skepticism - Is the doctrine that any true knowledge is impossible and everything is open for doubt
Subdivisions of Epistemology: Agnosticism, Skepticism, Posteriori, Priori
Teleology - Explains the purpose in the universe
Morality - Means the distinction between right and wrong
Aesthetics - Is fundamentally concerned with beauty and standards or tests of values
Logic - Is the science and art of correct thinking and correct reasoning
Priori - Is the reasoning that knowledge comes from pure reason alone, and knowledge is independent and comes from experience.

Different areas of concern of Logic: Induction, Deduction, Syllogism, and Dialect

Induction - Is reasoning that is done through the process of inferring a general law or principle from the observation of particular instances to a general conclusion
Axiology - Seeks to rationalize the questions like what is value and what are the values to be desired in living and the likes
Deductions - Is reasoning through a process that is from general principle to specific included within the scope of that principle

Subdivisions of Axiology: Ethics and Aesthetics

Ethics - Is defined as the art and science that deals with the morality of human acts
Syllogism - Is argumentation in which a conclusion is derived from two propositions called premises?
Middle term - Is found in two premises and not in the conclusion
Act of Man - Is an act that does not proceed from the deliberate free will of man is sometimes instinctive
Major term - Is the predicate of conclusion found in major premise
Dialect - Is a means of discovering the truth by proceeding from an assertion or thesis to a denial or antithesis and finally reconciling the two into synthesis

Types of Human Acts: Good, Evil, Indifferent
Minor term - Is the subject of conclusion found in minor premise
Human act - Is an act that proceeds from the deliberate free will of man
Good - Is in harmony with the dictates of right reason
Ignorance - is the absence of intellectual knowledge in man
Evil - Is in opposition to the dictates of reason
Concupiscence - Refers to the bodily appetites or tendencies like love, hatred, joy, grief, passion, daring, fear and anger
Indifferent - Is when it stands in no positive relation to the dictates.
Fear - Is shrinking back of the mind from danger

Elements of Human Acts: Knowledge, Freedom, and Voluntariness

Violence - Is an external force applied by a free cause, which impairs man’s free will
Habit - Is born of frequently repeated acts
Law - Is defined as an ordinance or reason promulgated for the common good by the one who is in charge of the society