Knowledge Every Muslim Should Know (Book One)

Tayammum: Description and Times of Permissibility

TAYAMMUM: DESCRIPTION AND TIMES OF PERMISSIBILITY

Q1: How should a person do tayammum if he cannot find water or if he cannot use water?

Praise be to Allaah.

Al-Bukhaari and Muslim narrated the hadeeth of 'Ammaar ibn Yaasir describing tayammum. Al-Bukhaari narrated it in a number of places in his Saheeh. One of these reports (no. 347; 1/455 of Fath al-Baari) says: " 'It would have been sufficient for you to do this' - then he struck the palms of his hands on the ground, then dusted them off, then wiped the back of each hand with the other, then he wiped his face with his hands."

Abu Dawood (317; 1/515 of 'Awn al-Ma'bood) narrated it with the same isnaad as al-Bukhaari, apart from the shaykh of al-Bukhaari (Muhammad ibn Salaam), instead of whom he mentioned Muhammad ibn Sulaymaan al-Anbaari, of whom al-Haafiz said in al-Taqreeb (2/167): he is sadooq (truthful). This version of the report says: "He struck his hands on the ground and dusted them off, then he struck his right hand with his left hand, and his left hand with his right hand, then he wiped his face."

Al-Haafiz mentioned in al-Fath (1/457) that al-Ismaa'ee'li narrated it with the wording: "It would have been sufficient for you to strike your hands on the ground, then dust them off, then wipe your right hand over your left and your left hand over your right, then wipe your face."

Al-Shanqeeti said in Adwa' al-Bayaan (2/43): "This hadeeth of al-Bukhaari states that the hands should be wiped before the face."

Shaykh al-Islam said in al-Fataawa (21/423): "The report of al-Bukhaari clearly shows that the back of the hand should be wiped before the face. The fact that in another report he said 'the back of the hand' indicates that he wiped the back of each with the palm of the other." He also said (21/425: "But the report which was narrated only by al-Bukhaari shows that he wiped the backs of the hands before the face."

(See al-Fataawa, 21/422-427)

Based on this, the way in which tayammum is done is to say Bismillaah with the intention of doing tayammum, then strike the ground once with the palms of the hands, then wipe the back of the right hand with the palm of the left, and the back of the left hand with the palm of the right, then wipe the face with both hands. Then the same du'aa's that are recited after wudoo' should be recited after tayammum. And Allaah knows best.

May Allaah bless our Prophet Muhammad.

Source: http://islamqa.info/en/21074

Q2: A man became junub as the result of an erotic dream, and he was late for work, and it was raining and cold, so he did tayammum with clean earth. Is it permissible to do that? Please note that he was afraid of being late for work and he was also afraid that he might become sick or die (if he bathed in cold water).

Praise be to Allaah.

If a person has an erotic dream and emits maniy (semen), he has to do ghusl so that he can pray, and it is not permissible for him to do tayammum instead unless there is no water available or he fears that he may be harmed as a result of using it, because Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):

"O you who believe! When you intend to offer As-Salaah (the prayer), wash your faces and your hands (forearms) up to the elbows, rub (by passing wet hands over) your heads, and (wash) your feet up to the ankles. If you are in a state of Janaaba (i.e. after a sexual discharge), purify yourselves (bathe your whole body). But if you are ill or on a journey, or any of you comes after answering the call of nature, or you have been in contact with women (i.e. sexual intercourse), and you find no water, then perform Tayammum with clean earth and rub therewith your faces and hands"