We have learned a few particles through our previous lessons and in this lesson, we are looking at another one: the particle -(으)로 [-(eu)ro].
Construction:
Nouns ending with a consonant + -으로
Nouns ending in a vowel or the consonant “ㄹ” + -로
-(으)로 connects a noun and a verb very closely and can have various functions. -(으)로 can mark the ingredients that an object is made of, the cause of a disease or something that happened, the direction in which someone is going, or the status or identity of a person that is doing something. Let’s look at some example below.
Examples:
1. 나무로 만들다 [na-mu-ro man-deul-da]
= 나무 (wood) + -로 + 만들다 (to make)
= to make (something) with wood
2. 왼쪽으로 가다 [oen-jjo-geu-ro ga-da]
= 왼쪽 (left side) + -으로 + 가다 (to go)
= to go to the left
= to go through the left side
3. 이 길로 가다 [i gil-lo ga-da]
= 이 (this) 길 (street / road) + -로 + 가다 (to go)
= to go through this path
= to go through this road
4. 펜으로 쓰다 [pe-neu-ro sseu-da]
= 펜 (pen) + -으로 + 쓰다 (to write)
= to write with a pen
5. 한국어로 말하다 [han-gu-geo-ro ma-ra-da]
= 한국어 (Korean) + 로 + 말하다 (to speak / to talk)
= to talk in Korean
6. 치즈로 유명하다 [chi-jeu-ro yu-myeong-ha-da]
= 치즈 (cheese) + 로 + 유명하다 (to be famous)
= to be famous for cheese
7. 사고로 다치다 [sa-go-ro da-chi-da]
= 사고 (accident) + 로 + 다치다 (to get hurt)
= to get hurt in(from) an accident
Sample sentences
1. 이거 뭐로 만들었어요?
[i-geo mwo-ro man-deu-reo-sseo-yo?]
= What did you make this with?
= What is this made of?
2. 오늘 택시로 왔어요?
[o-neul taek-si-ro wa-sseo-yo?]
= Did you come by taxi today?
3. 버스로 갈 거예요.
[beo-seu-ro gal geo-ye-yo.]
= I’m going to go by bus.
4. 저를 친구로 생각해요?
[jeo-reul chin-gu-ro saeng-ga-kae-yo?]
= Do you think of me as a friend?
5. 2번 출구로 나오세요.
[i-beon chul-gu-ro na-o-se-yo.]
= Come out through exit number 2.
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