DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: Middle Childhood
DEVELOPMENTAL TASK:
- Learn physical skills required for games
- Build healthy attitudes towards oneself
- Learn to socialize with peers
- Learn appropriate masculine or feminine role
- Gain basic reading, writing and math skills
- Develop attitudes toward social groups
DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: Adolescence
DEVELOPMENTAL TASK:
- Mature relationship same age of both sexes
- Accept own body
- Emotional independence from parents
- Prepare for an occupation
DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: Early Adulthood
DEVELOPMENTAL TASK:
- Select a partner
- Learn to live with a partner
- Start a family, manage home
- Establish occupation, career
- Civic responsibilities
DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: Middle Adulthood
DEVELPMENTAL TASK:
-Fullfill civic and social responsibilities
- Relate one's partner
- Adjust to physiological changes
- Adjust to aging parents
DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: Later Maturity
DEVELOPMENTAL TASK:
- Adjust to health status
- Adjust to retirement altered income
- Adjust to death of spouse
- Establish satisfactory living arrangement
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•SULIVAN'S INTERPERSONAL MODEL OF PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT
STAGE: Infancy
AGE: Birth to 1/2 yrs
DESCRIPTION:
- Infant learns to rely on caregivers to meet needs & desires.
STAGE: Childhood
AGE: 1 1/2 to 6 yrs
DESCRIPTION:
- Child begins to learn and to delay immediate gratification of needs & desires.
STAGE: Juvenile
AGE: 6 to 9 yrs
DESCRIPTON:
- Child forms fulfilling peer relationship.
STAGE: Preadolescence
AGE: 9 to 12 yrs
DESCRIPTION:
- Child relates successfully to same-sex peers.
STAGE: Early Adolescence
AGE: 12 to 14 yrs
DESCRIPTION:
- Adolescent learns to be independent & forms relationships with members of the opposite sex.
STAGE: Late Adolescence
AGE: 14 to 21 yrs
DESCRIPTION:
- Person establishes an intimate, long lasting relationship with someone of the opposite sex.
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•PIAGET'S PHASES OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
PHASE: Sensorimotor AGE: Birth to 2 yrs
DESCRIPTION: Sensory organs & muscles become more functional
Stages of Sensorimotor
>Stage 1: Use of reflexes
Age: Birth to 1 month
Description: Movements are primarily reflexive
>Stage 2: Primary circular reaction
Age: 1- 4 months
Description: Perceptions center around one's body. Objects are perceived as extension of the self
>Stage 3: Secondary circular reaction
Age: 4- 8 months
Description: Becomes aware external environment initiates acts to change the movement
>Stage 4: Coordination of secondary schemata
Age: 8- 12 months
Description: Differentiates goals and goal directed activities
>Stage 5: Tertiary circular reaction
Age: 12- 18 months
Description: Experiments with methods to reach goals, develops rituals that become significant
>Stage 6: Invention of new means
Age: 18- 24 months
Description: Uses mental imagery to understand the environment , uses fantasy
PHASE: Preoperational AGE: 2- 7 years
DESCRIPTION: Emerging ability to think *children use symbolism ( images and language ) to reprsent and understand various aspects of environment
Stages of Preoperational
>Pre-conceptual Stage
Age: 2- 4 years
Description: Thinking tends to be egocentric, Exhibits use of symbolism
>Intuitive Stage
Age: 4- 7 years
Description: Unable to break down a whole into separate parts, able to classify objects according to one trait
PHASE: Concrete Operations AGE: 7- 11 yrs
DESCRIPTION: Learns to reason about events between here and now, can understand basic properties of and relations among objects and events, able to solve concrete problem in logical fashion
PHASE: Formal Operations AGE: 11 + yrs
DESCRIPTIONS: Able to see relationships and to reason in the abstract, becomes more scientific in thinking, capable of systematic and deductive reasoning
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•KOHLBERG'S STAGES OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT
LEVEL AND STAGE
Level I: Pre-Conventional (Birth to 9 years)
DESCRIPTION: Authority figures are OBEYED. Misbehavior is viewed in terms of damage done.
STAGES
>Stage 1: Punishment and Obedience Orientation
Description: A deed is perceived as WRONG if one is punished; the activity is right if one is not punished.
>Stage 2: Instrumental-Relativist Orientation
Description: RIGHT is defined a that which is acceptable to and approved by the self. When actions satisfy one's needs, they are right.
LEVEL II: Conventional (9-13 years)
DESCRIPTION: Cordial interpersonal relationships are maintained.
>Stage 3: Interpersonal concordance
Description: Authority is RESPECTED
>Stage 4: Law and Order Orientation
Description: Individual feels "duty bound" to maintain social order. Behavior is RIGHT when
it CONFORMS TO THE RULES.
LEVEL III: Post-Conventional (13 + years)
DESCRIPTION: Individual understands the MORALITY of having democratically established laws.
>Stage 5: Social Contract Orientation
Description: It is WRONG TO VIOLATE OTHERS RIGHT
>Stage 6: Universal Ethics Orientation
Description: The person understands the principles of human rights and personal conscience. The person believes that trust is a basis for relationship.
FREUD'S PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT THEORY
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