•FREUD'S PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT THEORY
STAGE: Oral
AGE: Birth to 1 1/2 y/o
CHARACTERISTICS:
>Center of pleasure- mouth (major source of gratification and exploration)
>Primary need- security
>Major conflict- weaning
STAGE: Anal
AGE: 1 1/2 to 3 y/o
CHARACTERISTICS:
>Source of pleasure- anus and bladder (sensual satisfaction and self control)
>Major conflict- toilet training
STAGE: Phallic
AGE: 4 to 6 y/o
CHARACTERISTICS:
>Center of pleasure- child's genital (masturbation)
>Major conflict- Oedipus and Electra Complex
STAGE: Latency
AGE: 6 y/o to puberty
CHARACTERISTICS:
- Energy directed to physical and intellectual activities
- Sexual impulses repressed
- Relationship between peers of same sex
STAGE: Genital
AGE: Puberty onwards
CHARACTERISTICS:
- Energy directed towards full sexual maturity and function and development of skills cope with the environment
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•ERIKSON'S STAGES OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT THEORY
STAGE: Infancy
AGE: Birth- 18 months
CENTRAL TASK: Trust vs. Mistrust
(+) RESOLUTION:
- Learn to trust others
(- ) RESOLUTION:
- Mistrust, withdrawal, estrangement
STAGE: Early Childhood
AGE: 1 1/2 to 3 y/o
CENTRAL TASK: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
(+) RESOLUTION:
- Self Control w/o loss of self-esteem
- Ability to cooperate and express oneself
(- ) RESOLUTION:
- Compulsive, self restraint or compliance
- Willfulness and defiance
STAGE: Late Childhood
AGE: 3 to 5 y/o
CENTRAL TASK: Initiative vs. Guilt
(+) RESOLUTION:
- Learns to become assertive
- Ability to evaluate one'sbown behavior
(- ) RESOLUTION:
- Lack of self-confidence, pessimism, fear of wrong doing
- Over-control and over- restriction
STAGE: School Age
AGE: 6 to 12 y/o
CENTRAL TASK: Industry vs. Inferiority
(+) RESOLUTION:
- Learns to develop, create and manipulate
- Develop sense of competence and perseverance *parents,teachers who support, reward and praise children
(- ) RESOLUTION:
- Loss of HOPE, sense of being mediocre
- Withdrawal from school and peers *those who ignore, rebuff, deride their efforts are strengthening feelings of inferiority
STAGE: Adolescence
AGE: 12- 20 y/o
CENTRAL TASK: Identity vs. Role confusion
(+) RESOLUTION:
-Seeking to find an identity
(- ) RESOLUTION:
- Feeling of confusion
- Indecisiveness, anti-social behavior
STAGE: Young Adulthood
AGE: 18- 25 y/o
CENTRAL TASK: Intimacy vs. Isolation
(+) RESOLUTION:
-Intimate relationship with another person
(- ) RESOLUTION:
- Avoidance of relationship, career, lifestyle, commitment
- Failure to establish close and intimate relationship
STAGE: Adulthood
AGE: 25- 65 y/o
CENTRAL TASK: Generativity vs. Stagnation
(+) RESOLUTION:
- Creativity, productivity, concern for others
(- ) RESOLUTION:
- Self Indulgence, lack of interests and commitments
STAGE: Maturity
AGE: 65- y/o to death
CENTRAL TASK: Integrity vs. Despair
(+) RESOLUTION:
- Acceptance of worth and uniqueness of one's life
- Acceptance of death
(- ) RESOLUTION
- Sense of loss, contempt for others
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•HAVIGHURTS DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE AND TASKS
DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE:
Infancy vs. Early Childhood
DEVELOPMENTAL TASK:
- Eat solid foods, walk, talk
- Control elimination of wastes
- Relate emotionally to others
- Distinguish right from wrong
- Learn sex differences
- Achieve personal indepence
- Form simple concepts of social and physical reality
