Learn Korean

Particles

사진 = a photo

찍다 = take (a photo)

나무 = a tree

심다 = plant (verb)

빵 = bread

사다 = buy

차 = a car

팔다 = sell

25강 = a river

건너다 = cross (verb, motion)

다리 = bridge

지나다 = pass (verb, motion)

숙제 = homework

하다 = do

Time / Place Particle - 에

The Time/Place Particle, 에, is used for any words related to time and place.

The 에 particle phrase is usually placed at the beginning of a sentence after a subject.

샘 = Sam

한국 = Korea

가다 = go

준수 = Jun-su

5 월 = May

오다 = come

•샘은 한국에 갔다 = Sam went to Korea [Sam, to Korea, went]

•준수는 5 월에 왔다 = Jun-su came in May [Jun-su, in May, came]

Note: 1 월 is January, 2 월 is February and so on.

You can also make long sentences like the following examples:

•샘 은 작년 10 월 가을에 한국에 갔다 = Sam went to Korea last year in October during the 

autumn season [Sam, last year, in October, in Autumn, to Korea, went]

•준수는 2000 년도 여름에 호주에 왔다 = Jun-su came to Australia in summer 2000. [Junsu, in 2000, in summer, to Australia, came]

작년 = last year

10 월 = October

가을 = autumn

2000 년도 = in the year 2000

여름 = summer

호주 = Australia

Note: 에 is used for words both with or without a final consonant.

•학교에 = to school

•병원에 = to hospital

Please note also that when 에 is used as a Place Particle, it is usually used with 'go' and 'come' to 

indicate a place to which you're going or coming, and 에 functions like 'to' in English. For example, 

공원에 = to a park, 영국에 = to Britain and 공항에 = to the airport.

When you want to say you did something at a particular place 'for a certain period of time,' 에서

is used for that location or place. In this case, the function of 에서 is similar to "in, at or on" in 

English. For example,

•공원에서 놀았다 = played (had fun) at the park [At the park, (we) played (had fun)]

•영국에서 지냈다 = stayed in Britain [In Britain, (I) stayed]

•공항에서 기다렸다 = waited at the airport [At the airport, (we) waited]

공원 = a park

놀다 = play, have fun

영국 = Britain

지내다 = stay

공항 = airport

기다리다 = wait

However, in the case of 'was', you can use 에 instead of 에서 for some strange reason I do not 

know. The following two sentences mean exactly the same.

•영국에서 있었다 = I was in Britain

•영국에 있었다 = I was in Britain

But in the case of other verbs, 에 is not allowed.

•공원에 놀았다

•영국에 지냈다

•공항에 기다렸다

Here are a few more examples:

•시골에 갔다 = went to a countryside

•친구가 병원에 방문왔다 = A friend of mine came (to visit me) to hospital

•집에 있었다 = was home

•대학에서 강의를 들었다 = listen to a lecture at the university

•많은 사람들이 놀이 공원에 왔다 = A lot of people came to the theme park

•아침에 시리얼을 먹었다 = I ate cereal in the morning [In the morning, I ate cereal]

•오후 2 시에 비가 내렸다 = It started raining at 2 o'clock in the afternoon [Lit. The rain fell]

시골 = countryside

가다 = go

친구 = a friend

병원 = a hospital

방문 = a visit

오다 = come

방문오다 = came to visit

집 = home, house

있다 = be

대학 = college, university

강의 = a lecture

듣다 = listen, hear

많다 = a lot, many

사람 = a person

사람들 = people (들 is attached to a noun to make it plural)

놀이 공원 = a theme park

28아침 = morning

시리얼 = cereal

먹다 = eat

오후 = afternoon, pm

2 시 = 2 o'clock (1 시 is 1 o'clock, 7 시 is 7 o'clock and so on)

비 = rain

내리다 = fall down