The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Great Britain, , and the United States, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840. This transition included going from to , new and processes, the increasing use of and , the development of and the rise of the . Output greatly increased, and a result was an unprecedented rise in population and in the rate of population growth.
were the dominant industry of the Industrial Revolution in terms of employment, value of output and invested. The was also the first to use modern production methods.: 40
The Industrial Revolution began in , and many of the and were of British origin. By the mid-18th century, Britain was the world's leading commercial nation, controlling a global trading empire with in North America and the Caribbean. Britain had major military and political hegemony on the ; particularly with the , through the activities of the . The development of trade and the rise of business were among the major causes of the Industrial Revolution.: 15
The Industrial Revolution marked a major turning point in history. Comparable only to humanity's with respect to material advancement, the Industrial Revolution influenced in some way almost every aspect of daily life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth. Some economists have said the most important effect of the Industrial Revolution was that the for the general population in the western world began to increase consistently for the first time in history, although others have said that it did not begin to meaningfully improve until the late 19th and 20th centuries.
was broadly stable before the Industrial Revolution and the emergence of the modern economy, while the Industrial Revolution began an era of per-capita in capitalist economies. Economic historians are in agreement that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in the since the of animals and plants.
The precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is still debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and . held that the Industrial Revolution began in Britain in the 1780s and was not fully felt until the 1830s or 1840s, while held that it occurred roughly between 1760 and 1830. Rapid first began in Britain, starting with mechanized spinning in the 1780s, with high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurring after 1800. spread from Great Britain to continental Europe and the United States in the early 19th century, with important centres of textiles, iron and emerging and the United States and later textiles in France.
An economic recession occurred from the late 1830s to the early 1840s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanized spinning and weaving, slowed and their markets matured. Innovations developed late in the period, such as the increasing adoption of locomotives, steamboats and steamships and . New technologies, such as the , widely introduced in the 1840s and 1850s, were not powerful enough to drive high rates of growth. Rapid economic growth began to occur after 1870, springing from a new group of innovations in what has been called the . These innovations included new , , , systems, the large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and the use of increasingly advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Revolution
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