Computer communications architecture

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In very general terms,communications can be said to involve three agents:applications,computer,and networks.Ine example of an application is a file transfer operation.these applications.execute on computers are connected to networks,and data to be exchanged are transfers by the network from one computer to another.thus,the transfer of data from one application to another involves first getting the data to the computer in which the aplications resides and then getting it to the intended application within the computer. With these concepts in mind,it appears natural to organize the communication task into three relatively independent layers:

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