A: GANG XAM
a..to chuc te vi: la loai gang ma phan lon hay toan bo cacbon cua no nam duoi dang tu do-graphit,rat it hay ko cocacbon o dang lien ket voi sat-xementit. do do to chuc co nhieu graphit nen mat gang co mau xam toi nen goi la gang xam. graphit trong gang xam co dang tam cong
b..thanh phan hoa hoc:.cacbon tu 2,8-3,5%
.silic tu 1,5-3%
.mang gan: 0,5-1%
.phot pho:0,1-0,2%
. luu huynh:0,08-0,12%
c..tinh chat:nhiet do nong chay cua gang xam thap(1100-1300c) tinh luu dong tot, it co ngot do do de duc.
chiu nen tot co kha nang dap tat rung dong nhanh
chiu dc mai mon an mon, do cung tuong doi cao nhung do ben thap
d..ung dung:che tao cac chi tiet chiu tai trong tinh cao va tai trong dong, chiu mai mon cao nhu truc chinh, vo bom thuy luc.
B:GANG CAU
a..to chuc te vi: jong nhu gang xam chi khac la graphit cua no dang thu gon nhat hinh cau
b..thanh phan hoa hoc:cacbon: 3-3,6%, silic 2-3%, manggan 0,5-1%, ma gie 0,04-0,08%, phot pho nho hon 0,15%, luu huynh nho hon 0,03%
c..co tinh: cao hon gang xam nhieu tru tinh chiu va cham va do gian dai ken hon. co tinh tong hop cao gan nhu thep cacbon nen hien nay co 1 so nuoc da dung gang cau thay thep d lam chi tiet may nhu banh rang, vit,xilanh pittong
d..ung dung: che tao chi tiet wan trong thay cho thep nhu: truc can, than tuabin hoi,truc khuyu
C:GANG DEO
a..to chuc te vi: jong gagn xam va gang cau, nhung graphit cua no o dang cum va graphit nay tao len ko phai khi duc ma o khi u tep theo
b..thanh phan hoa hoc:cacbon 2,2-2,8%, silic0,8-1,4%, mangan nho hon1% , luu huynh nho hon 0,1%, phot pho nho hon 0,2%
c..co tinh: co do ben keo cao hon gang xam nhung kem hon gang cau. gioi han ben keo cua gang deo 300-600N/mm2. do deo cua gang deo kha cao
d..ung dung:lam cac chi tiet dong thoi thoa man cac yeu cau sau:hinh dang phuc tap, tet dien mong va chiu va dap
D:GANG HOP KIM
tuy theo muc do hop kim chia lam 3 nhom:
..gang hop kim thap: dung lam vat lieu ket cau
..gang hop kim trung binh dac trung bang to chuc mactenxit to chuc may dam bao tinh chong mai mon cao cua cac loai chi tiet may
..gang hop kim cao dac trung bang to chuc pherit hay ostenit
