Notching relay à fires after receiving a number of impulses
Wien bridge à measuring capacitance
Kelvin double bridge à for measuring low resistances
+β decay à positron decay; proton to neutron
-β decay à with gamma radiation; for lowering binding energy
Crystal defect à line defect; most common; A.K.A. edge dislocation
Flip-chip and beam-lead packaging à eliminates need for bonding wires
Flip-chip à conducting paths evaporated on chip before die is inserted
Electronic data message
Commutator polishing paste
TO packaging à IC packaging similar to transistor; early packaging
DIP à for easier insertion to PCB
Brushes in repulsion motor à connected by jumper wire
Not part of categories of losses in rotating machines à hysteresis losses
Magnetron à mode shifting – moves from 1 mode to another in a pulse
FORTRAN à 1950’s
Chromium à body-centered cubic crystalline
1 atom per cell in cubic crystalline structure
Atom volume/cell volume à packing factor
0.74 à packing factor of face-centered cubic structure
NMOS à fastest MOS transistor in IC
instrumentation amplifier à for getting small signals from large common-mode noise
Electrodynamometer à with 2 coils, fixed and moving; meter movement
Magnetomotance à work involved in moving charge around a loop in a current-carrying conductor
Fixed-stop à open-loop movement; open loop – parameters are dictated by the system’s physical parameters
Principle of magnetic amplification à permeability of core decreases with increase in current
Mesons à 0.1 amu
Active electric effect à electric current through device; device resistance changes with light
Ramsauer effect à absorption of slow-moving/ low energy electrons into something
2015 à 1 Billion transistors in a chip, according to Moore’s law
Gibert Hyatt à “invented microprocessor”
Magnetic drum à partly random and partly cyclic sequential
Tedd Hoff à 1969, designed microprocessor
Brass à zinc and copper alloy
Wet cell electrodes à copper and zinc
Difference between UTP and LTP à hysteresis voltage
Successive approximation method à if many analog signals have to be converted to digital signals
Op amp:
differential amp à high gain voltage amp à power amp
If output impedance decreases, gain decreases
If input signal-generating increases, gain increases
Simple filters à RC and LC – capacitor input; for low constant current where voltage regulation is not that important
Impedance coupling à best for HF
Direct coupling à retains frequency response
Solenoid à transforms electrical energy to mechanical movement via movement of plunger in electromagnet
Ferric oxide à used for magnetic tape
Paramagnetism à caused by electron spins
Slip à difference between rotor speed and synchronous speed in induction motor
Induction motor à involves rotating field
Best resistance value for 20% tolerance à 10 ohms
Vacuum evaporation method à for depositing materials (making thin-film components)
Typical slew rate for op amp à 1V/μs
Electroneurogram (ENG) à peripheral nerve; for measuring speed/distance of impulse
Permeability à slightly greater than 1 – aluminum
Permeameter à used for measuring B and H in ferromagnetic materials
Thermopile à array of thermocouples
Megger à used to measure insulation resistance
Secondary emission à electron hits anode, ejects some other electrons
Utilance à ratio of utilized flux to total emitted flux (light)
Bistable multivibrator à triggered oscillator
3 wattmeters à for unbalanced 3-phase load, 4-wire systems
Seismic mass à used in acceleration transducer
Hermetic package à for protection against moisture and environmental factors
72.6% à conductivity of 99% gold
Ringing à result of shock excitation (RF) in cavity
Arc extinguisher à confines and divides the arc which occurs when contact of the circuit breaker opens
Equalizer bar à allows 2 over compounded DC generators operate in parallel in a stable manner
Equalizing charge à storage battery; all active material in every cell is fully-charged
D-flip flop à best for designing binary counter
Simplest motor control à toggle switch
“limbo” à RS F/F, if inputs are the same
Firmware
Microprogram à primitive instructions
VTVM à very high resistance, so very little loading effect
Open filament à common reason why electron tubes do not work
Power of motor = armature current x back emf
REM à measure of biological damage caused by radiation
Why is the secondary of the current transformer shorted? à to prevent excess induction of voltage on winding
Signal tracing
Q-meter à uses principle of series resonance
Gray code à more error-free
JFET à like a garden hose
Average seek time
Access arm à mechanism for reading/writing
Zone recording à outside of disk; method of writing data
9-track à standard commercial format for tapes; for writing data
Travel time à difference between transmitted and received frequency is dependent on travel time
Microfiche à small card with lots of info
Drift current à movement of charges under influence of E-field
Flasher LEAD à 3 times per second
Flash memory à nonvolatile memory
Electric potential à energy/charge
Pulse Doppler
State-variable amplifier à summer + 2 integrators
Informatics àstudy of how amplifiers handles data
Centronics à parallel port, interface for printers
Bias winding à in magnetic amps – allows AC to be applied to a separate control winding; handles DC biasing
Watt-hour meter à device used to measure electrical energy consumed
Circuit breaker trip: thermal trip à uses the increased bending of a bimetallic strip by increased current to open (trip)a circuit
Absolute efficiency à output of actual transducer/output of ideal transducer
Abbreviation: TTY à teletrypewriter, RTTY à remote teletypewriter
2-wire open line à average spacing – 2 to 6 inches apart
Minimum discernible signal (MDS) à weakest input signal that produces a usable signal at the output of a receiver
Current tracer à inductively coupled, traces low-impedance faults in circuits
PCB à eliminates need for heavy chassis and point-to-point wiring but requires soldering
Indepotent à A + A = A; A . A =A à identity property
Reciprocity à for passive networks
Compensation theorem à substitution theorem; any current source can be replaced by a voltage source as long as voltage and current w/in branch are still the same
EAROM à degrades each time it is read or used
Series motor with constant speed à as current increases, terminal voltage first rises then decreases
A programming language à for science/math programming
Emission coefficient à constant in diode equation; based on material and voltage
Keyed-oscillator Tx à has 1 stage for producing RF
Electronic key
NPN + PNP = SCR
Diac à two 4-layer SCRs
Triac à two SCRs back-to-back
NPN/PNP à used in place of direct-coupled amplifier to offset amplifying Vcs
Direct-coupled à cascade amplifiers
Translator à max noise figure at DC frequency
Invar à nickel alloy used for thermostats
Constantan à 40-60% copper alloy; used in thermocouples
Non trip-free circuit breaker à does not open circuit when overcurrent at “on”
Stroboscope à flashes; measures condition of displacement or speed of object
Polygraph à does not check eye movement
Face plate starter àused for DC series motors
Single-phase in induction motor à motor does not run
Breakdown torque à max torque before stalling
BMV à frequency divider; trigger to get to one stage, trigger to get to another stage
Laparoscopic surgery à surgery with camera
Laplace’s law à field is proportional to I and L of current element; inversely proportional to the square of distance
Triode à simplest tube capable of amplification
NiMH cell à 1.2 V per cell
Anchor tag à for link in HTML
What causes variations in frequency response of amplifier? à capacitance
Wien bridge oscillator à stable sine wave oscillator for AF
Hartley à tapped inductor
Phase-shift oscillator à uses RC network for frequency determining
Augusta Ada Byron à first programmer
Gating, timing, switching à uses for square or rectangular waveform
FET à square law device (transconductance curve is parabolic)
OTA (operational transconductance amp) à voltage-to-current converter
Fox message à for testing TTY because it contains all alphanumeric characters
Resolver à rotary electromechanical device, used for solving trig problems by varying the magnetic coupling between its primary and secondary windings
What happens if field circuit of shunt motor is opened? à circuit breaker or fuse will trip to avoid damage to armature
CCD à 6 transfer electrodes
Shunt motor à voltage = 1/2, torque = doubled, speed is constant à Ia is doubled
Hopkinson field test à requires mechanically-coupled (identical) motors
Dynamotor à 1 field, 2 armature windings, 2 commutators
Point bender à for adjusting contact spacing of relay
3905 à not a type of 555 circuit
Shunt regulator à for measuring constant load current
Electrolyte level à up to just above separator
For RF à ceramic, mica, air capacitors
Gauss’ law for magnetism à algebraic sum of flux through a closed surface is equal to zero
Bar magnets à store in pairs w/ opposite poles facing each other
Number cruncher à computer that can solve a lot of math problems in a short time
-234.5 °C à inferred zero temperature of annealed copper
Carbon à cannot be used for magnetic purposes
Carbon arc welding à occurrence of blowholes
Most common coupling à RC and transformer
Electric resistance seam welding à uses disc electrode
To prevent blow problems, use ac welding machines
Spread resistance sensor (SRS) à measure change of resistance of extrinsic semicon with temp.
Zener diode across MOSFET gate à to prevent high voltage due to static electricity (friction)
Industrial electroheating à hyperfrequency > 300 kHz
Electric shock therapy à used on brain
Electrometallurgy à uses electricity to purify metals
Step-transmission system à uses DC; data transmission system
Gopher à software w/ hierarchical structure; used for searching WWW
Yellow à color for guaranteed minimum value (GMV) tolerance
Transfer of charger in a CCD device depends on à gap width between electrodes
Thermoplastic à becomes soft when heated
Phototube à electrons are emitted when light strikes the cathode
2 types of stability for an oscillator à amplitude and frequency stability
Trip element à senses any overload condition; causes circuit breaker to open the circuit
Gas ratio à ratio of ion current to the electron beam current that produces the former
Ward-Leonard speed control test à not for constant speed
COBOL à common business oriented language
DC motor à series counter-emf
Sodium vapor lamp à contains neon gas
Orthogonal nulling à involves garaging of 2 AC signals; adjusting the second does not affect the first
Electrokinetics à current distribution in networks
Persistence à length of time a phosphor dot glows on CRT before disappearing
Max efficiency of transformer à when copper loss = core (iron) loss
How do you lessen hysteresis loss? à decrease the maximum B
Miniature electronics à use of discrete components in circuits
Ways of organizing data in hard disk à by cylinder and by sector
E-transformer, control transformer à used for detecting errors (servo systems)
Helical gears à no backlash, compared to straight gears
Microcircuit module à assembly of microcircuits or a combination of microcircuits and discrete components that perform one or more distinct functions
Microprogram à 5 primitive instructions; in the CPU’s control unit
200,000 à op amp voltage gain
Planar process à used in IC fabrication
First computer to use GUI à Lisa
Teleran à uses radio and Tx on grid, TV Rs on plane, transmits ground radar ppi, map and weather
Manganin à for reference resistor coils; current shunts
Thermocouple ammeter
Data mining àobtaining new in from a set of data
Gripper à most specialized end-effector
Shunt DC motor’s external characteristics à derived from NL characteristics
Silicon à used for photo sensors, wavelength of 1.1 μm
Charge amplifier à for amplification in capacitive devices
Graphite à van der waals and covalent bonds
Fuse filler à material put in fuse to help in opening current
Motor bearings à 95 °C
Why do you temper hardened steel? à to increase ductility
Microprogramming à programming control unit instructions
Alternator à if it overheats, voltmeter least likely to detect it
If 3-phase motor run with 1-phase, it will burn out
Binding energy à difference between kinetic energy of electron and the electrostatic e- nucleus energy
Separator à to prevent cells from shorting each other
Mark Tilden à robosapien (toy-like affordable robot)
Robonaut à by DARPA-NASA, for spacewalk
Android à human-like robots
OR à for positive logic, if operated for negative logic- AND
Clatter à echoes from land, sea, etc., interferes with radar echoes
P-shell à 12 electrons
Thin film à 1 μm film
Electrode à positive welding – 2/3 of heat produced on electrode
MIG welding à consumes electrodes
Spot welding à a form of resistance welding; resistance formed by surface contact between metal surfaces produce heat when current flows
Overcompounded à negative voltage regulation
Capacitive coupling, direct coupling à removes DC
relaxation oscillator à composed of 2 interdependent circuits, where output of one depends on other circuit and vice versa
Signal tracing à commonly-used technology for troubleshooting radios
Logic clip à to determine logic state of pins while IC is in circuit
Compensation à reduced BW, increased slew rate
Transistor packages à TO, flat pack, DIP
Cathode sputtering à 2kV – 5kV anode-cathode voltage
Electrolytes à if current is passed through electrolyte
Effective resistance of choke à greater than physical resistance because of iron loss in core