Cau11: SO SANH MO HINH ASXH DUOC XD THEO TRUONG PHAI BISMARK VA LORD BEVERADGE
-Khai niem ASXH: la 1 he thong cac co che,chinh sach cac giai phap cua nha nuoc va cong dong nham tro giup moi thanh vien trong xa hoi, doi pho voi cac rui ro,cac cu soc ve kinh te xa hoi, lam cho ho suy giam hoac mat nguon thu nhap do bi om dau,thai san,TNLD,BNN, gia ca ko con suc ld hoac vi cac nguyen nhan khach quan khac roi vao canh ngheo kho ban cung hoa, va cung cap dich vu cham soc sk cho cong dong thong qua cac he thong chinh sach ve BHXH, BHYT, TGXH, TGDB.
BISMARK:
Chinh sach asxh duoc thuc hien dua tren tru cot chinh la bhxh gan voi yeu to ld
-che do bhxh duo cap dung bat buoc voi 1 muc luong cu the muc dong gop va muc tra bhxh duoc tinh can cu tien luong va duoc qly boi cac doi tac xh
-muc dong va muc tra can cu vao Tien luong
-dai dien tieu bieu cua truong phai nay la DUC
-tru cot chinh cua asxh la BHXH bat buoc gan voi yto ld,nguoi ld di lam se trich 1 phan luong hang thang de dong vao bhxh
-muc dong va muc tra can cu vao tien luong
-duoc quan ly boi cac doi tac qly xh
-he thong asxh o duc duoc hinh thanh tu the ki 19 voi 4 loai bh co ban bhyt 1883, bh tai nan 1884,bh huu tri 1889,BHTN 1927.tu 1994 nuoc duc da thuc hien dao luat ve bh cham soc sk va loai bh nay da tro thanh 1 bo phan co ban cua he thong bhxh o duc. Ben canh he thong bh cac hinh thuc bao tro xh khac nhu bao tro nuoi duong tre em,bao tro danh cho nguoi gia rat ptrien
-he thong asch o duc lay he thong bhxh lam nong cot de thuc hien chinh sach as cho nguoi dan
-bhxh o duc duoc thuc hien tren co so hop dong giua cac the he
-thanh toan hop dong bh tren nguyen tac phu thuoc trong do the he tre dong gop tai chinh de cung cap bao hiem huu tri cho the he gia
LORD BEVERADGE:
He thong asxh hoat dong dua tren 3 ntac co ban:bao phu toan dien tuc la moi thanh vien trong xh deu duoc huong asxh. Muc chi tra tuong duong quan ly tap chung thong nhat.
-muc chi tra tuong duocng voi muc dong
-Nha nuoc quan ly tap chung va chi dao thuc hien thong nhat trong pham vi quoc gia.
- dai dien tieu bieu la :Canada
+bao phu toan dien:moi nguoi deu duoc tham gia vao he thong asxh va duoc be truoc cac rr
+muc dong va muc huong tuong duoc nhau
+nha nuoc qly chung viec cung cap dvu, co the do khu vuc nha nuoc hoac tu nhan thuc hien
-chu the qly asxh o Canada la bo dvu xh co nhiem vu tao dk choc ac hinh sach ptrien va cac chinh sach tro giup tren dien rong ap dung hau het cong dan thuoc nhom doi tuong yeu the .
-cac linh vuc chu chot bao gom tro giup ve thu nhap va viec lam. Cac dvu ve xh va viec lam, dvu cho nguoi bo tan tat
-cac chuong trinh uu dai cua bo danh chon hung dtg co nhu cau ve tai chinh giup do phu nu vat re em ve tai chinh, nhung nguoi vo gia cu, nhung nguoi truog thanh bi tan tat
-cac dvu do Bo dvu Canada cung cap duoi nhieu hinh thuc khac nhau
+nguoi giup do truc tiep thong qua cac thanh vien cua bo dvu
+thong qua cac van phong dvu xh cua tp voi su chia se ve tai chinh giua cac tinh tp truc thuoc
+thong qua cac to chuc cong dong
-cac chuong trinh vi ve dvu xh gom
+chuong trinh cham soc nuoi duong va bao trot re em
+chuong trinh tu van va ho tro thanh nien
CAU12:PHUC LOI XH O THUY DIEN
-Khai niem ASXH: la 1 he thong cac co che,chinh sach cac giai phap cua nha nuoc va cong dong nham tro giup moi thanh vien trong xa hoi, doi pho voi cac rui ro,cac cu soc ve kinh te xa hoi, lam cho ho suy giam hoac mat nguon thu nhap do bi om dau,thai san,TNLD,BNN, gia ca ko con suc ld hoac vi cac nguyen nhan khach quan khac roi vao canh ngheo kho ban cung hoa, va cung cap dich vu cham soc sk cho cong dong thong qua cac he thong chinh sach ve BHXH, BHYT, TGXH, TGDB.
-Lich su hinh thanh:
-khi thuy dien la 1 xh nha nuoc, moi gd la 1 dvi kte doc lap ca nhan song phu thuoc vao gd luc nay chu the cua asxh la nha tho nha nuoc chi cung cap dich vu cho cong chuc cua minh. Do do cac dtg tham gia yeu the nhu tan tat tre mo coi, nguoi gia co don, phu nu, nguoi bi mat dat...co cuoc song vo cung kho khan
-chuyen sang XHCN vtro cua gdinh voi tu cach la 1 dvi san xuat bi pha vo nguoi ld di lam thue trong cac xi nghiep nha may trong xh co su phan hoa giau ngheo, bat binh dang ve gioi va giai cap sau sac.chinh sach as xuat hien o thoi ki nay do nhu cau cua cong nhan trong cac nghiep doan
-cac chinh sach as chu yeu gom BHYT,BHTN tu nguyen, cac thoa uoc lao dong tap the quy dinh ve muc luong thoi gian va dkien lam viec cua nguoi cong nhan
-sau the chien 2 dang dan chu o thuy dien co quan he mat thiet voi cac nghiep doan ldong. Muc tieu cua asxh luc nay la giam bot bat binh dang xh. Dtg duoc uu tien la tre em,phu nu cac chinh sach as chu yeu gom co:ho tro ve nha o, bhyt,ho tro ve gduc, bhtn,huu tri cham soc sk
-nguon luc de thuc hien asxh duoc lay tut hue thu nhap vat hue tieu dung,ko danh vao thue san xuat va von
-tu 1980 nha nuoc phuc loi thuy dien dua vao 3 hop phan quan trong
+he thong gduc cong ko thu phi. Mien phi tu khi din ha tre den khi hoc het tien si doi voi tre em nuoc ngoai.ngoai chinh sach mien phi con duoc kem giao vien biet tieng me de giang day.ho tro viec lam toi da.
+he thong cham soc sk dam bao moi nguoi duoc cham soc tot nhat voi chi phi dich vu danh nghia. O thuy dien yte phat trien nen dvu yte rat tot. cac khoan chi tra BHYT do nha nuoc chi tra chu yeu lay tu thue . do do nguoi dan duoc cham soc cac dvu yte tot nhat ma chi phai tra voi chi phi thap nhat.
+bhxh bao dam thu nhap cho nguoi ld khi bi that ngiep om dau tuoi gia. Thuy die nap dung he thong bh pho cap cho tat ca nguoi gia ben canh he thong dong huong nhu bhxh co tinh chat bat buoc va tu nguyen nhu nhieu quoc gia dang thuc hien nhung ng ko dong gop cho quy bhxh khi ve gia chi duoc huong 1 khoan tien thap hon nhiu nhung nguoi dong gop va do quy phuc loi cua nha nuoc chu cap.
Lien he VN
O VN do dk nuoc ta con kem ptrien kte dang trong qtrinh hoi nhap. Doi tuong can duoc bao tro va tro giup cua xh nhieu nen nha nuoc chua co dkien de ptrien cac dvu nhu cua thuy dien.mac du vay nha nuoc ta cung da phan nao giai quyet ganh nang cho nguoi ld chinh phu da thiet lap he thong dvu cong ko thu phi nhu thuy dien nhung nha nuoc VN cung da tro giup 1 phan hoc phi trong cac truong cong lap co cac chuong trinh tu van huong nghiep va gquyet viec lam.
Dich vu yte cua VN chua dap ung duoc nhu cau kham chua benh.