LATIN:
Ave!: Hail!
Caesar: King.
Caput: Chapter (yes, yes this does actually mean chapter, not just head)
Heir Apparent: Upcoming king.
Incipiere (incipio): Begin. Literally: to begin
Mare Nostrum: Mediterranean Sea. Literally: "our sea"
Mater: Mother
Pater: Father
Patrician: Roman aristocracy
Plebeian: Roman people/common class
Podex: Rump
Populus: People
Puer: Boy
Roma: Rome.
Sebsellium: The equivalent of a couch
Servus: Slave
GREEK:
City-state: City and adjacent territory making up a single, political unit. (Basically, Greece was a bunch of small warring countries until Philip of Macedonia (Alexander the Great's father) came along and conquered them.)
Chiton: Clothes.
Hellene: A Greek (person).
Matera: Mother
Polis: Greek city-state. Plural: poleis.
Rómi: Rome.
Swiped (unashamedly) from neverlanded.