Vowels
ㅗ o
ㅜ u
ㅛ yo
ㅠ yu
When you add another line to a vowel only it creates a "y" to the beginning. More examples are.
ㅐae
ㅒyae
ㅔeh
ㅖyeh
ㅓeo
ㅕyeo
ㅏah
ㅑyah
The only vowel it doesn't affect is "ㅣ" which creates a "ee" sound but the direct translation to english would be an "i" sound.
Here are some examples
안녕하세요 pronounced as
"an-nyeong-ha-se-yo"(Hello) exactly like that.
A harder one would be a word like "are you okay?"
괜찮아? pronounced as
"gwaen- chanh-a"
If you say it, its said like "gwaen chan ha" instead of "chanh a" since there is no space inbetween chanh and ah, it will be put together into one breath "gwaenchanha?"
Constants
ㅂ b, p
ㅈ j
ㄷ d, t
ㄱ g, k
ㅅ s, t
ㅁ m
ㄴ n
ㅇ silent or ng
ㄹ r, l
ㅎ h
ㅋ k
ㅌ t
ㅊ ch
ㅍ p
The thing that is the most confusing is the double sounds for korean consantants.ㅌ,ㅋ and ㅍ are hardly used, its mainly a ㅅ or ㄷ replacing a t , ㄱ replacing a k or a ㅂ replacing a p.
The ㅅ will only work as a t only if its at the bottom of 1 syllable otherwise it still works as an s. Ex.
사람 reads "sa-ram" (person)
쉿! Reads "swit!" (Shh!) Since the ㅅ is on the bottom it creates a t sound.
Same with the consantant ㅇ whenever its on the bottom of a syllable it creates and ng sound. Ex.
No 'ng'
아빠! reads "appa!" (Dad!) The ㅇ is silent its not reading "ngappa!" (Tbh idek how to say that)
But when is at the bottom like this 방 it reads bang because the ㅇ consantant is at the bottom.
Thats the introduction for reading hangul, in the next chapter, it going to be writing hangul.