Topics:-Paper 1
Section A: MemorySection B: Non-verbal communicationSection C: Development of PersonalitySection D: Stereotyping,Prejudice and DiscriminationSection E: Research Methods
MEMORY
June 2013 unit 1 past paer
Definitions:
Storage: holding information in the memory system.
Encoding: understanding or changing information in order to store it in our memory.
Retrieval: getting information from our memory.
Anterograde amnesia: being unable to learn new information after brain damage occurs.
Retrograde amnesia: being unable to recall old information after brain damage occurs.
How does interference occur?
New things that we learn can hinder our ability to recall what we have learned before.This is evident for example,when a person learns all their French vocabulary and then German vocabulary the person tends to forget the old information which is in this case french as it has been replaced with the new information which in this case is German.(3 marks)
Levels of processing:
Study to memorise:Craik and Tulving experiment
What is meant by ecological validity?
The term ecological validity means whether a study can be applied to everyday life or not.Ecological validity could be an issue in this particular study as we do not memorise lists of words in everyday life and are not in an artificial environment like a lab ,therefore it couldn't reflect a real life situation.
NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Difference between non-verbal communication and verbal communication.
Verbal communication is the communication using words or vocal sounds and expressing them phonetically whereas non-verbal communication is when we communicate without vocal sounds for example emotions.For instance,if someone says they are happy they are verbally communicating it however if they visually and emotionally look the opposite than this is communicating non verbally so in this case someone would be unsure of which one is more accurate.
What is meant by eye contact?
Eye contact is when two people directly look at eachother's eyes at the same time.
In the study described we would expect more pauses and interruptions in the conditions where dark glasses were worn.Wearing dark glasses interrupts eye contact.It can make people feel uncomfortable.
