2. Humans cannot be divided into parts
3. Health is central to the theory and is seen "and is seen as a process of developing awareness of self and the environment"
4. "Consciousness is a manifestation of an evolving pattern of person-environment interaction"
She also explains the interrelatedness of time, space, and movement. Time and space are the temporal pattern of the patient, and they have a complementary relationship. People are constantly changing through time and space, and it shows a unique pattern of reality.
The theory explains that health and illness are synthesized as health. That is, the fusion of one state of being (disease) with its opposite (non-disease) results in what can be considered health. In this model, the human is unitary. He or she cannot be divided into parts, and is inseparable from the larger unitary field. People are individuals, and human beings are, as a species, identified by their patterns of consciousness. The person does not possess consciousness. Instead, the person is consciousness. People are centers of consciousness with an overall pattern of expanding consciousness. The environment is described as a "universe of open systems."
In this model, nursing is "caring in the human health experience." It is seen as a partnership between the nurse and patient, with both growing in the "sense of higher levels of consciousness."
Newman's theory is considered a grand nursing theory. She states that people cannot be divided into parts. Health is central to the theory, and is seen as a process of a developing awareness of the individual self and the person's environment. She also states that "consciousness is a manifestation of an evolving pattern of person-environment interaction."
Newman's Health as Expanding Consciousness Theory is beneficial because it can be applied in any setting and "generates caring interventions." However, its drawbacks are that it is abstract, multidimensional, and qualitative, and there is little discussion on environment within the model.
· Relationship to the Metaparadigm Concepts
Newman has designated "caring in the human health experience" as the focus of nursing discipline and has specified the focus as the metaparadigm of the discipline.
Nursing
-to help clients get in touch with the meaning of their lives by the identification of their patterns of relating
-Intervention is a form of non intervention whereby the nurse's presence assists clients to recognize their own patterns of interacting with the environment.
-facilitates pattern recognition in clients by forming relationships with them at critical points n their lives and connecting with them in an authentic way.
-The nurse-client relationship is characterized by "a rhythmic coming together and moving apart as clients encounter disruption of their organized predictable state."
-Nurses are seen as partners in the process of expanding consciousness.
Person
-Person as individuals are identified by their individual patterns of consciousness.
-Persons are further defined as "centers of consciousness" within an overall pattern of expanding consciousness"
-The definition of person has also been expanded to include family and community.
Environment
-Environment is not explicitly defined but is described as being the larger whole, which is beyond the consciousness of the individual.
Health
-A fusion of disease and non-disease creates a synthesis that is regarded as health.
-Disease and non-disease are each reflections of the larger whole; therefore a new concept "pattern of the whole" is formed.
-Newman has stated that pattern recognition is the essence of the emerging health. Manifest health, encompassing disease and non-disease can be regarded as the explication of the underlying pattern of person-environment.
· Essence of Margaret Newman's Theory:
An individual person in each situation, no matter how disordered and hopeless, is part of the universal process of expanding consciousness.
The expanding consciousness is a process wherein an individual becomes more of his real self, as he finds greater meaning in his life and the lives of those people around him.
In his/her search for his/her real self, the individual's awareness expands to include the interests of those people around him and the rest of the world.
Self-awareness may eventually lead to acceptance of one's self and one's circumstances and limitations.
With self-awareness and self-acceptance, an in-depth understanding of one's condition may pave the way for a person to engage into activitiesleading to positive progression transcending
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