BIOMED
Pathophysiology
Everything be alphabetical here (except for Homeostasis at the bottom) 😘
(& Mental Health, Lmao)
There are a lot of neonatal conditions covered, seen in high level NICU/NCCU Units.
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Table of Contents:
1 | Ageing
2 | Canc...
What is Multiple Myeloma? Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a cancer that forms in plasmacyte (plasma cell) in the body. In the healthy body, plasmacyte assist in fighting infections, by making antibodies that attack germs and foreign bodies. However in MM, cancerous plasma cells accumulate in the bone marrow and crowd out healthy blood cells. Therefore, instead of helpful antibodies being made, cancer cells produce proteins that instead, lead to healthcomplications.
Risk Factors for MM ☞ Obesity ☞ Alcohol consumption ☞ Insecticide exposure ☞ Radiation exposure
Symptoms of MM ☞ Bone pain (especially in the spine & chest) ☞ Fatigue ☞ Constipation ☞ Thirst ☞ see more at: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/multiple-myeloma/symptoms-causes/syc-20353378
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Diagnostics
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What processes occur within MM? Genetic mutations present in the body cause long lives plasma cells to grow uncontrollably, and can stay in the bone marrow for long periods of time, altering the way the body functions.
With MM being a type of bone marrow cancer, this means that the presence of these cancerous cells in the body can then lead to problems systematically in bone, blood, kidney and even neurological processes:
Skeletal Processes ☞ Interferences with the skeletal body processes may result in the development of bone fractures, as there interference occurs with bone remodelling.
I.e., osteocytes (the bone matrix) regulate osteoclast/blast numbers, and in MM, we have fewer osteocytes than average, compromising bone remodelling which leads to these fractures and bone pain.
Haematological Processes ☞ MM cancer cells grow and proliferate in the bone marrow, therefore leading to a struggle to produce enough healthy blood cells which leads to anaemia (↓ erythrocytes), neutropenia (↓ neutrophils), and thrombocytopenia (↓ platelets).
Neurological Processes (less than 1% experience this) ☞ White blood cells enter the CNS, CSF or Meninges (covering brain & spinal cord), interfering with function.
General Processes ☞ Affecting long-lives plasmacytes and cascading down the pathophysiological chain to eventually interfered with organs such as the kidneys.
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