Cau 1:Qua trinh phat trien cua ngon ngu va cach thuc phat trien ngon ngu?
-Qua trinh phat trien ngon ngu cu loai nguoi:
Qua trinh phat trien cua xa hoi loai nguoi khong theo mot duong thang dung ma quanh co, gap khuc bat dau la thui toc co cung huyet thong-->bo lac la lien ket giua cac thi toc-->bo toc va bo lac--> quoc gia. Qua trinh phat trien cua ngon ngu gan lien voi qua trinh phat trien loai nguoi, mang net dac trung, theo quy luat thong nhat va phan li.
1.Ngon ngu bo lac va bien the cua no:
-Moi bo lac gom nhieu thi toc ket hop voi nhau, trong bo lac co moi quan he rat mat thiet chinh vi vay ko co ngon ngu rieng cho tung thi toc ma chi co ngon ngu chung cho mot bo lac. Ngon ngu dau tien cua loai nguoi chinh la ngon ngu bo lac.
2.Ngon ngu khu vuc
-Cac bo lac lien minh voi nhaude phat trien thanh mot bo toc, lien minh bo lac phat trien den do nao do thi nhuong cho cho mot dan toc moi ra doi. Va su xuat hien phat trien dan toc thi gan lien va mo rong quan he ngoai giao luu kinh te, chinh tri ve mat phap quyen, ngon ngu khu vuc chinh la buoc qua do len ngon ngu dan toc.
3.Ngon ngu dan toc va cac bien the
-Su phat trien cua dan toc va cua nha nuoc da day manh su thong nhat ben trong ve kinh te, chinh tri, xa hoi. Khong nhung vay su phat trien ay con mo rong tang cuong ra cac moi quan he khac giau nhung con nguoi trong qua trinh lao dong san xuat. Truoc tinh hinh do doi hoi phai co ngon ngu chung cho toan xa hoi, tu do ngon ngu dan toc ra doila phuong tien giao tiep trong chung. Mac va Angheen noi den 3 con duong hinh thanh ngon ngu dan toc:
+Chat lieu von co
+Su pha tron cua nhiu dan toc
+Su tap trung cua tieng dia phuong
4.Ngon ngu van hoa va bien the
-Su ra doi cua ngon ngu van hoa la cai moc lon tren con duong thong nhat ngon ngu dan toc Ngon ngu van hoa ra doi gan lien voi qua trinh phat trien dan toc. Dac diem ngon ngu van hoa luon luon voi su got rua, chau chuot voi hoat dong tuan theo quy tac "chuan muc".
Ngon ngu cong dong tuong lai--tieng noi chung cho toan dan toc.
5.Cach thuc phat trien ngon ngu
-Ngon ngu phat trien tu tu lien tuc co su ke tiep nhau, ko dot bien, ko nhay vot phat trien tuan theo con duong ke thua chu ko phai con duong pha huy bang cach tuan tu lau dai.
-Su phat trien ko dong deu giua cac mat so voi ngu am vangu phap thi tu vung bien doi nhieu va nhanh nhat. Mat ngu am bien doi cham va ko dong deu, he thong ngu phap so voi tu vung va ngu am bien doi cham.
Cau 2: Dac trung chung cua nguyen am va viec xac dinh nguyen am.
Ban chat am hoc cua nguyen am: Nguyen am chi do thanh cau tao nen no co duong cong bieu dian tuan hoan, phu cau ve co ban la tieng dong co bieu dien duong cong ko tuan hoan.
So sanh doi chieu giau nguyen am va phu am:
Phu am :
-La tieng dong co duong cong bieu dien ko tuan hoan ve ban chat am hoc
-Cau am: do su can tro cua ko khi, luong hoi bjo phat ra cung manh
-Khi cau am bo may phat am cang thang cuc bo
Nguyen am:
-Chi do day thanh cau tao nen co duong cong bieu dien tuan hoan
-Luong hoi phat ra tu do, luong hoi phat ra bjo cung yeu
-Khi cau am cac nguyen am cang thang cuc bo
Xac dinh nguyen am
-La xac dinh am sac do chinh la viec mieu ta co quan nhu mieng, yet hau tren. Gom 3 tieu chuan:
1 luoi cao hay thap, mieng ho hay khep. Co 4 muc phan nguyen am thanh 4 nhom:
Nguyen am thap( nguyen am mo "a")
Nguyen am vua( nguyen am khep "ee" $ "oo"
Nguyen am cao( nguyen am khep "u" $"uw"
2 luoi truoc hay sau
Nguyen am truoc "i" "ee" "e"
Nguyen am giua : tu" bird" trong tieng anh
Nguyen am sau: "u" "uw" "oo" "ow" "o"
3 moi tron hay dep
Nguyen am tron: "u" "o" "oo"
Nguyen am det: "e","y","ee","uw","ow"
