MORSE CODE
-a method of transmitting text information as a series of on-off tones, lights, or clicks that can be directly understood by a skilled listener or observer without special equipment. it is named for Samuel F. B. Morse, an inventor of the telegraph. The international morse code encodes the ISO basic Latin alphabet, some extra Latin letters, the Arabic numerals and a small set of punctuation and procedural signals (prosigns) as standardized sequences of short and long signals called "dots" and "dashes", or "dits" and "dahs", as in amateur radio practice. Because many non-english natural languages use more than the 26 roman letters, extensions to the morse alphabet exist for those languages.
Each Morse code symbol represents either a text character (letter or numeral) or a prosign and is represented by a unique sequence of dots and dashes. The duration of a dash is three times the duration of a dot. Each dot or dash is followed by a short silence, equal to the dot duration. The letters of a word areseparated by a space equal to three dots (one dash), and the words are separated by a space equal to seven dots. The dot duration is the basic unit of time measurement in code transmission. To increase the speed of the communication, the code was designed so that the length of each character in Morse varies approximately inversely to its frequency of occurrence in English. Thus, the most common letter in English, the letter "e", has the shortest code, a single dot.
Morse code is often spoken or written with "dah" for dashes, "dit" for dots located at the end of a character, and "di" for dots located at the beginning or internally within the character. Thus, the following Morse code sequence:
M O R S E C O D E
−− −−− ·−· ··· · (space) −·−· −−− −·· ·
is orally:
Dah-dah dah-dah-dah di-dah-dit di-di-dit dit, Dah-di-dah-dit dah-dah-dah dah-di-dit dit.
CATEGORY CHARACTER CODE
LETTERS
A> · −
B> − · · ·
C> − · − ·
D> − · ·
E> ·
F> · · − ·
G> − − ·
H> · · · ·
I> · ·
J> · − − −
K> − · −
L> · − · ·
M> − −
N> − ·
O> − − −
P> · − − ·
Q> − − · −
R> · − ·
S> · · ·
T> −
U> · · −
V> · · · −
W> · − −
X> − · · −
Y> − · − −
Z> − − · ·
NUMBERS
0> − − − − −
1> · − − − −
2> · · − − −
3> · · · − −
4> · · · · −
5> · · · · ·
6> − · · · ·
7> − − · · ·
8> − − − · ·
9> − − − − ·
PUNCTUATION
Period [.] · − · − · −
Comma [,] − − · · − −
Question Mark [?] · · − − · ·
Apostrophe ['] · − − − − ·
Exclamation Point [!] − · − · − −
Slash/fraction Bar [/] − · · − ·
Parenthesis (Open) − · − − ·
Parenthesis (Close) − · − − · −
Ampersand (Or "Wait") [&] · − · · ·
Colon [:] − − − · · ·
Semicolon [;] − · − · − ·
Double Dash [=] − · · · −
Plus Sign [+] · − · − ·
Hyphen, minus Sign [-] − · · · · −
Underscore [_] · · − − · −
Quotation Mark ["] · − · · − ·
Dollar Sign [$] · · · − · · −
At Sign [@] · − − · − ·
