3. Cong dung, phan loai, cau tao va nguyen li lam viec cua can oto tu hanh
a. Can truc oto dan dong dien. Can truc oto dan dong dien thuoc loai can truc dan dong rieng. Nguon dong luc la mot to hop dong co diezen-may phat dien dat tren san quay cua can truc. O loai can truc nay moi co cau cong tac deu duoc dan dong bang mot dong co dien rieng thong qua mot bo truyen co khi. Can truc K-162 do Lien Bang Nga che tao va hien dang duoc su dung rong rai tai Viet nam.Loai nay co tai trong nang toi 16 tan va co can chinh dai 10m, chieu dai can chinh co the thay doi duoc nho lap cac doan noi, moi doan dai 4m nen can chinh co the dai 14, 18, 22m. De nang vat nang co kich thuoc lon tai trong nang tu 1,5 tan den 2 tan va de thuc hien cac cong viec lap rap thi co the noi them can noi phu chieu dai 5m, co moc phu.
Hinh 1.15. So do bo tri chung va duong dac tinh tai trong cua can truc K-162
1, 2, 3 va 4- Tai trong nang khi co chan chong phu; 5, 6 va 7- Tai trong nang cua moc chinh khi can truc noi can noi phu; 8, 9 va 10- Tai trong nang khi khong co chan chong phu; 11 va 12- Tai trong nang cua moc phu
Tai trong nang cua can truc K-162 khi lam viec voi tai trong lon phai dung chan chong va tai trong nang phu thuoc vao tam voi, cu the khi chieu dai can 10m, tai trong nang Q thay doi tu 2,810 tan, khi can dai 14m, Q thay doi tu 1,512 tan, khi can dai 18m, Q thay doi tu 1,2 den 8,15 tan va khi can dai 22m Q thay doi tu1,14 den 5,5 tan.
Van toc di chuyen cua can truc tren duong tot la 50km/h, tren duong xau 20km/h. Cho phep di chuyen can truc voi van toc khong duoc lon hon 5km/h trong gioi han mat bang xay dung khi goc nghieng khong qua 30 va chieu dai can 22m cung voi can o tam voi nho hon 14m va hang nam theo truc doc xe quay ve phia sau.
Nguyen ly hoat dong
Hinh 1.16. So do dong hoc co cau cong tac cua can truc K-162.
a. Co cau nang can; b. Co cau nang vat; c. Co cau quay; d. Co cau gau ngoam; 1, 2, 3 va 4- Banh rang hop giam toc co cau nang vat; 5- Khop lien ket; 6, 7 va 12- Tang toi; 8- Truc vit cua hop giam toc co cau nang can; 9- Banh vit; 10 va 11- Banh rang tru; 13, 14, 15 va 16- Banh rang cua hop giam toc toi gau ngoam; 17 va 18- Banh rang con cua hop giam toc co cau quay; 19, 20, 21 va 22- Banh rang tru; 23- Banh rang cua co cau quay; 24- Vanh rang cua thiet bi tua quay; I, V, VI va VIII- Dong co dien; II, IV, VII va X- Hop giam toc; III va IX- Phanh.
b. Can truc oto dan dong thuy luc
Hinh 1.17. So do dong hoc can truc tu hanh dan dong thuy luc KC-6471
1- Cau truoc; 2- Dong co; 3, 4- Xy lanh co duoi can hanh trinh dai (8m) tac dung hai chieu; 5- Ly hop; 6- Hop so; 7, 8- Xy lanh nang ha can tac dung hai chieu; 9- Mo to thuy luc loai pit tong huong truc cua co cau quay; 10- Phanh dia loai thuong dong mo phanh bang con day thuy luc cua co cau quay; 11- Banh rang an khop voi vanh rang cua thiet bi tua quay; 12- Hop giam toc banh rang tru loai bon cap cua co cau quay; 13- Mo to thuy luc loai pit tong huong truc cua co cau nang vat chinh; 14- Hop giam toc banh rang tru lap long ben trong tang cuon cap cua co cau nang chinh; 15- Co cau nang vat phu; 16- Con lan ti cua co cau xep cap; 17- Phanh dia loai thuong dong mo phanh bang con day thuy luc cua co cau nang chinh; 18, 19- Cac cau sau; 20- Hop giam toc dan dong bom thuy luc; 21- Hop phan phoi cua sac xi xe co so.
Can truc tu hanh dan dong bang thuy luc co can dang ong long dung de thuc hien cac cong viec boc xep hang hoa, lap rap cac cau kien xay dung. Can truc loai nay cho phep lam viec voi chan chong khi tai trong nang lon va ca khong chan chong khi nang tai be. Ngoai ra con cho phep can truc di chuyen tren nen cung khi co vat nang voi trong luong be (theo quy dinh) treo tren dau moc o tam voi bang chieu dai dot co so va dat doc than xe ve phia truoc.
Can truc loai nay duoc cau tao boi hai phan chu yeu do la phan xe co so va phan thiet bi can truc. Phan xe co so bao gom cac bo phan chinh nhu ca bin dieu khien, sat xi (gom dong co dot trong, ly hop, hop so, truc cac dang, hop phan phoi dan dong bom, cau truoc va sau). Phan xe co so co chuc nang dung de di chuyen can truc va ga lap thiet bi can truc len do dong thoi la nguon cung cap nang luong cho he thong can truc lam viec thong qua dong dau ap suat cao. Cac bom thuy luc duoc dan dong nho dong co dot trong cua xe co so thong qua hop trich cong suat. Dong dau cao ap duoc tao ra boi he thong bom thuy luc nay va duoc dung de dan dong cac mo to thuy luc, xy lanh.v.v. tren cac co cau chap hanh. Tren sac xi cua xe co so con dung de ga lap cac chan chong cua can truc nham tang do on dinh cua can truc khi lam viec.
Phan thiet bi can truc bao gom thiet bi tua quay de do toan bo san quay va cac co cau cong tac ( co cau nang vat, co cau quay san quay, co cau nang ha can, co cau co duoi can) cung ket cau thep cua can.
