Capitalization
So it’s fairly obvious that the first letter of any sentence, names and any other proper noun such as place names need to start with a capital letter but what it’s a bit more difficult to understand is that other words can become proper nouns in some cases. If you refer to character by a nickname, for example.
Example one: Flea-Face let me in.
Example two: It was all because of Mad Jenny.
Another thing that I myself was never sure of it the capitalization of mum/mom and dad. Basically, if you have a pronoun in front of it, you don’t capitalize. If you’re using it on its own like a name, then you do.
Example one: My mum was driving me crazy.
Example two: Is that your dad?
Example three: I gave it to Mum.
Example four: That must belong to Dad.