PHOTOSYNTHESIS
->Solar energy is the main source of energy
->Plants and certain bacterias can trap the solar energy
->Cartenoid pigments( Chlorophylls are the major one) allow plants and
bacterias to photosynthesize
-->Cholorophyll has chloroplast. It is green coloured.
-->Cholorophyll also has Stroma, Thylakoid vesicle and Granum
-->Multicoloured also have chromoplast. it is a type of plastid
->Leoplast is colourless, this is used for storage of starch(mainly)

Reaction of Photosynthesis:
6CO2+6H2O---->C6H12O6+6O2

PHOTOSYSTEM:
-> In the Thylacoid vesicle membrane
-> It Has a number of pigments arranged together
-> There are 2 photosystems: PSI, PSII
-->PSI = Length of light is 700 nm (Light dependent)

->Light effect create: ATP, NADPH, O2(Oxygen)
->THis process is called light reaction or photosynthesis or hill reaction.

CALVIN CYCLE/DARK REACTION (LIGHT INDEPENDEDNT)

->3 6C compound unstable-->6 phsophodyceric acid-->ATP & NADP(For light
REaction)-->6
phosphoglyceroldehyde-->Rearrangement=1phosphoglyceroldehyde-->3 Ribose-5
Phosphate (5C)-->RuBisCO(Enzyme) 3CO2(CO2Fixation)->3 6c....(cycle)

Synthesized glucose is quickly used to produce starch, sucrose, cellulose,
etc.

MICROBES
->Organisms invisible to the naked eye
MICROSCOPE
->we need to use microscope to view these. Microscope magnifies images of
objects.
->It uses light for magnification and are called light microscope. Uses
light wave length.
->Can magnify upto hundreds and thousands of times
->Electron microsope uses alpha off electrons
->Electron microscope can magnify to the extent of millions. Uses electron
wavelength.

->BACTERIA:
-> (1)Symbiotic relation- good relationship with humans. They live inside
our bodies and produce vitamin K.
-> (2)PARASITIC- harmful to humans. Live as parasites, produces toxin and
cause disease or cause other harmful effects.

(3)INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION
->Bacterias are neither helful nor beneficiary. eg: Create yoghurt, vinegar.
They provide certain products for us.

FUNGI
->Can be unicellular or multicellular
->Pathogenic- Associated with soft tissue/ skin infection.
->SOme fungi produce antibiotics
->Antibiotics kill bacteria
->Yeast(unicellular):Used in baking, to produce alcohol
->They are eukaryotes

ALGAE
->Chlorophyll containg micro organism helps improve soil fertility

VIRUS
->Non-cellular particle
->nucleo protein particle which achieve life only when in a living
host.Cannot grow without living host
->cause a lot of diseases. Some lethal

MEDIA/GROWTH MEDIA
-> A mixture of specific nutrients for bacterial growth
->Media could be liquid or semi solid
->liquid media is called nutrient broth & semi-solid media is called
nutrient agar
->Nutrient broth: addition of different ingredients in water

NUTRIENT BROTH PRODUCTION
->When preparing a media for particular microbe,
->The media has to be made bacteria free because bacterias from water/hands
already contaminate it.
->AUTOCALVING=The solution must be heated at 121(degree celsius) for 30
minutes.
->Having added the cotton plug, all bacterias will be destroyed
->The media is going to be sterile.
->Under appropriate condition one bacteria should be added(The one we want
to grow).
->After bacterial growth, the media is going to become cloudy
->INCUBATOR: Bacteria is grown inside this in appropriate condition
(controlled time & temperature)
-->PURE CULTURE= Media put under nutrient growth and only one type of
bacteria is grown.
Bacteria
---Media-------->Culture
-> If there is a contamination in the process then it is called mixed
culture

METHOD OF PRODUCING NUTRIENT AGAR
->Addition of different ingredients in water water + agar (an indigestible
polysaccharide extracted from sea weed)
->Go through the process of autocalving
->Then pour water media into petridishes while still warm
->Agar media is produced
->If bacteria is allowed to grow on the surface of the media and the media
is semi-solid, the bacteria grown cannot move around and hence form colonies
->Drinking water must contain <10 colonies of E.Coli/ 100 mL of water to be
drinkable
->Bacterias Grown in temperature <0-10 Degree celsius are called
PSYCHROPHILIC bacteria
->10-35 Degree celsius MESOPHILIC bacteria(Bacterias both harmful and
benficial to humans)
->35-<100 degree celsius THERMOPHIDIC bacteria
->Normal bacteria (Vegetative form) under adverse condition (extremes of