Physical cosmology
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This article is about the physics subject. For other uses, see Cosmology. Physical cosmology

Age of the universe Big Bang Comoving distance Cosmic microwave background Dark energy Dark matter FLRW metric Friedmann equations Galaxy formation Hubble's law Inflation Large-scale structure Lambda-CDM model Metric expansion of space Nucleosynthesis Observable universe Redshift Shape of the universe Structure formation Timeline of the Big Bang Timeline of cosmology Ultimate fate of the universe Universe

Related topics Astrophysics General relativity Particle physics Quantum gravity

Physical cosmology, as a branch of astrophysics, is the study of the large-scale structure of the universe and is concerned with fundamental questions about its formation and evolution. Cosmology involves itself with studying the motions of the celestial bodies and the first cause. For most of human history, it has been a branch of metaphysics. Cosmology as a science originates with the Copernican principle, which implies that celestial bodies obey identical physical laws to those on earth, and Newtonian mechanics, which first allowed us to understand those motions. This is now called celestial mechanics. Physical cosmology, as it is now understood, began with the twentieth century development of Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity and better astronomical observations of extremely distant objects.

The twentieth century advances made it possible to speculate about the origins of the universe and allowed scientists to establish the Big Bang as the leading cosmological theory, which most cosmologists now accept as the basis for their theory and observations. Vanishingly few researchers still advocate any of a handful of alternative cosmologies, but professional cosmologists generally agree that the big bang best explains observations. Physical cosmology, roughly speaking, deals with the very largest objects in the universe (galaxies, clusters and superclusters), the very earliest distinct objects to form (quasars) and the very early universe, when it was nearly homogeneous (hot big bang, cosmic inflation and the cosmic microwave background radiation).

Cosmology is unusual in physics for drawing heavily on the work of particle physicists' experiments, and research into phenomenology and even string theory; from astrophysicists; from general relativity research; and from plasma physics.

Contents [hide] 1 History of physical cosmology 2 Areas of study 2.1 The very early universe 2.2 Big bang nucleosynthesis 2.3 Cosmic microwave background 2.4 Formation and evolution of large-scale structure 2.5 Dark matter 2.6 Dark energy 2.7 Other areas of inquiry 3 See also 4 References 4.1 Popular reading 4.2 Textbooks 5 External links 5.1 From groups 5.2 From individuals

[edit] History of physical cosmology See also: Timeline of cosmology and List of cosmologists Modern cos...

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