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LIFE IN A MEDIæVAL CITY***
E-text prepared by R. Cedron, gvb, and the Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team (http://www.pgdp.net/)
Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this file which includes the original illustrations. See 17848-h.htm or 17848-h.zip: (http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/1/7/8/4/17848/17848-h/17848-h.htm) or (http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/1/7/8/4/17848/17848-h.zip)
Transcriber's notes:
All material added by the transcriber is surrounded by braces {}.
The original has a number of inconsistent spellings and punctuation. Three corrections have been made for obvious typographical errors; they have been noted individually in the text.
Text in italics in the original is shown between _underlines_. Superscript (three instances in this book) is marked by a caret (^).
LIFE IN A MEDIÆVAL CITY
Illustrated by York in the XVth Century
by
EDWIN BENSON, B.A.
With Eight Illustrations
London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge New York: The MacMillan Co. 1920
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER II
IMPORTANT FACTORS AFFECTING THE HISTORY OF YORK
(_a_) Geographical position; (_b_) Military value of its position; (_c_) Political importance
CHAPTER III
APPEARANCE
A. _General appearance_
Church, State, people; outside the city; population; area-divisions
B. _Streets_
Highways, traffic, open-spaces; Ouse Bridge
C. _Buildings_
Dwelling-houses, shops, inns; civic buildings (guildhalls); fortifications (castle, city walls, bars); religious buildings (Minster; St. William's College; St. Mary's Abbey; Friaries; St. Clement's Nunnery; Hospitals; Parish Churches)
D. _York as a Port_
CHAPTER IV
LIFE
A. _Civic Life_
City government, the parishes; extra municipal rights; a royal city; charter; sheriffs; mayor; city councils; civic spirit; city and trade rule; royal government; punishments; sanctuary
B. _Parliamentary and National Life_
Leasing of royal power; Parliament; visits of Henry IV.; Wars of Roses; Duke of Gloucester; judges of assize; royal larder
C. _Business Life_
Middle class of merchant employers; Jews and Italians; professions; wool trade; trade-guilds; their government; strangers; phases of guild life; merchants; apprentices; working hours; trades; artist craftsmen; markets and fairs; overseas trade; money; extracts from ordinances
D. _Religious Life_
The Church in the Middle Ages; the Church and daily life; merchants and religion; the Church and education; work of hospitals; priests (at Minster; parish churches; Archbishop); pluralism; religious orders; monastic life; St. Mary's Abbey; Anchorites; other types of religious (pardoner, palmer, pilgrim {original had "pligrim"}); Church services
E. _Education_
Higher education; grammar schools; elementary education; educational welfare work; instruction; the ways in which the citizen got news and information; vocations; literacy in fifteenth century; mediæval learning; Revival of Learning
F. _Entertainments_
Holidays, travelling; mediæval plays; York plays; Corpus Christi Day Processions; production of pageants; other forms of entertainment; archery
G. _Classes_
Fashions and dress; nobles; religious; townspeople; women; the freemen; soldiers; men in royal service; lepers; visitors (kings, lords, commoners; judges; sailors) serfs
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION
York a city of destruction and a "storehouse of the past"
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
YORK IN THE XVTH CENTURY _(From a drawing by E. Ridsdale Tate)_
COOKING WITH THE SPIT _(From the Louttrell Psalter)_
BISHOP AND CANONS _(From Richard II.'s "Book of Hours")_
KNIGHTS DOING PENANCE AT A SHRINE _(From a XVth Century MS.)_
ADMINISTRATION OF HOLY COMMUNION WITH HOUSEL CLOTH _(From a XIVth Century MS.)_
SEMI-CHOIR OF FRANCISCANS _(From a XVth Century MS.)_
ARCHERY _(From the Louttrell Psalter)_
AN ABBOT
[Illustration: YORK IN THE XVTH CENTURY FROM A DRAWING BY E. RIDSDALE TATE]
A MEDIÆVAL CITY
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
In English history the fifteenth century is the last of the centuries that form the Middle Ages, which were preceded by the age of racial settlement and followed by that of the great Renaissance. Although the active beginnings of this new era are to be observed in the fifteenth century, yet this century belongs essentially to the Middle Ages.
Perhaps the most attractive feature of the Middle Ages is that they were so intensely human. A naïve spirit appears in their formal literature, as in Chaucer's account of the Canterbury pilgrims,
E-text prepared by R. Cedron, gvb, and the Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team (http://www.pgdp.net/)
Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this file which includes the original illustrations. See 17848-h.htm or 17848-h.zip: (http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/1/7/8/4/17848/17848-h/17848-h.htm) or (http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/1/7/8/4/17848/17848-h.zip)
Transcriber's notes:
All material added by the transcriber is surrounded by braces {}.
The original has a number of inconsistent spellings and punctuation. Three corrections have been made for obvious typographical errors; they have been noted individually in the text.
Text in italics in the original is shown between _underlines_. Superscript (three instances in this book) is marked by a caret (^).
LIFE IN A MEDIÆVAL CITY
Illustrated by York in the XVth Century
by
EDWIN BENSON, B.A.
With Eight Illustrations
London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge New York: The MacMillan Co. 1920
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER II
IMPORTANT FACTORS AFFECTING THE HISTORY OF YORK
(_a_) Geographical position; (_b_) Military value of its position; (_c_) Political importance
CHAPTER III
APPEARANCE
A. _General appearance_
Church, State, people; outside the city; population; area-divisions
B. _Streets_
Highways, traffic, open-spaces; Ouse Bridge
C. _Buildings_
Dwelling-houses, shops, inns; civic buildings (guildhalls); fortifications (castle, city walls, bars); religious buildings (Minster; St. William's College; St. Mary's Abbey; Friaries; St. Clement's Nunnery; Hospitals; Parish Churches)
D. _York as a Port_
CHAPTER IV
LIFE
A. _Civic Life_
City government, the parishes; extra municipal rights; a royal city; charter; sheriffs; mayor; city councils; civic spirit; city and trade rule; royal government; punishments; sanctuary
B. _Parliamentary and National Life_
Leasing of royal power; Parliament; visits of Henry IV.; Wars of Roses; Duke of Gloucester; judges of assize; royal larder
C. _Business Life_
Middle class of merchant employers; Jews and Italians; professions; wool trade; trade-guilds; their government; strangers; phases of guild life; merchants; apprentices; working hours; trades; artist craftsmen; markets and fairs; overseas trade; money; extracts from ordinances
D. _Religious Life_
The Church in the Middle Ages; the Church and daily life; merchants and religion; the Church and education; work of hospitals; priests (at Minster; parish churches; Archbishop); pluralism; religious orders; monastic life; St. Mary's Abbey; Anchorites; other types of religious (pardoner, palmer, pilgrim {original had "pligrim"}); Church services
E. _Education_
Higher education; grammar schools; elementary education; educational welfare work; instruction; the ways in which the citizen got news and information; vocations; literacy in fifteenth century; mediæval learning; Revival of Learning
F. _Entertainments_
Holidays, travelling; mediæval plays; York plays; Corpus Christi Day Processions; production of pageants; other forms of entertainment; archery
G. _Classes_
Fashions and dress; nobles; religious; townspeople; women; the freemen; soldiers; men in royal service; lepers; visitors (kings, lords, commoners; judges; sailors) serfs
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION
York a city of destruction and a "storehouse of the past"
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
YORK IN THE XVTH CENTURY _(From a drawing by E. Ridsdale Tate)_
COOKING WITH THE SPIT _(From the Louttrell Psalter)_
BISHOP AND CANONS _(From Richard II.'s "Book of Hours")_
KNIGHTS DOING PENANCE AT A SHRINE _(From a XVth Century MS.)_
ADMINISTRATION OF HOLY COMMUNION WITH HOUSEL CLOTH _(From a XIVth Century MS.)_
SEMI-CHOIR OF FRANCISCANS _(From a XVth Century MS.)_
ARCHERY _(From the Louttrell Psalter)_
AN ABBOT
[Illustration: YORK IN THE XVTH CENTURY FROM A DRAWING BY E. RIDSDALE TATE]
A MEDIÆVAL CITY
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
In English history the fifteenth century is the last of the centuries that form the Middle Ages, which were preceded by the age of racial settlement and followed by that of the great Renaissance. Although the active beginnings of this new era are to be observed in the fifteenth century, yet this century belongs essentially to the Middle Ages.
Perhaps the most attractive feature of the Middle Ages is that they were so intensely human. A naïve spirit appears in their formal literature, as in Chaucer's account of the Canterbury pilgrims,
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