SOCIETY FOR PURE ENGLISH TRACT 4 ***

Produced by David Starner, William Flis, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team.

Transcriber's Note: Phonetic characters are represented by the following symbols: [^1] = raised "1", etc. [e] = inverted "e" or schwa [oe] = oe ligature character ['x] = any letter "x" with acute accent [=x] = any letter "x" with macron [)x] = any letter "x" with breve [=xy] = any pair of letters "xy" with joining macron, except [=OE], [=ae] = OE, ae ligature characters with macron ['oe], ['ae] = oe, ae ligature characters with acute accent and [)xy] = any pair of letters "xy" with joining breve, except [)AE], [)ae], [)OE], [)oe] = AE, ae, OE, oe ligature characters with breve

_S.P.E. TRACT NO. IV_

THE PRONUNCIATION OF ENGLISH WORDS DERIVED FROM THE LATIN

BY JOHN SARGEAUNT

WITH PREFACE AND NOTES BY H. BRADLEY

CORRESPONDENCE & MISCELLANEOUS NOTES BY H.B., R.B., W.H.F., AND EDITORIAL

_AT THE CLARENDON PRESS_ MDCCCCXX

ON THE PRONUNCIATION OF ENGLISH WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN

[This paper may perhaps need a few words of introduction concerning the history of the pronunciation of Latin in England.

The Latin taught by Pope Gregory's missionaries to their English converts at the beginning of the seventh century was a living language. Its pronunciation, in the mouths of educated people when they spoke carefully, was still practically what it had been in the first century, with the following important exceptions. 1. The consonantal _u_ was sounded like the _v_ of modern English, 2. The _c_ before front vowels (_e_, _i_, _o_, _æ_, _oe_), and the combinations _t[)i]_, _c[)i]_ before vowels, were pronounced _ts_. 3. The _g_ before front vowels had a sound closely resembling that of the Latin consonantal _i_. 4. The _s_ between vowels was pronounced like our _s_. 5. The combinations _æ_, _oe_ were no longer pronounced as diphthongs, but like the simple _e_. 6. The ancient vowel-quantities were preserved only in the penultima of polysyllables (where they determined the stress); in all other positions the original system of quantities had given place to a new system based mainly on rhythm. Of this system in detail we have little certain knowledge; but one of its features was that the vowel which ended the first syllable of a disyllabic was always long: _p[=a]ter_, _p[=a]trem_, _D[=e]us_, _p[=i]us_, _[=i]ter_, _[=o]vis_, _h[=u]mus_.

Even so early as the beginning of the fifth century, St. Augustine tells us that the vowel-quantities, which it was necessary to learn in order to write verse correctly, were not observed in speech. The Latin-speaking schoolboy had to learn them in much the same fashion as did the English schoolboy of the nineteenth century.

It is interesting to observe that, while the English scholars of the tenth century pronounced their Latin in the manner which their ancestors had learned from the continental missionaries, the tradition of the ancient vowel-quantities still survived (to some extent at least) among...

Show full text: 117,636 characters