ACADEMIC READINGS








1. BOOKS
2. CAPITAL PUNISHMENT
3. CRITICISM
4. STONE AGE
5. IMAGINATION
6. COOKING
7. DANCE
8. DRAMA
9. PAINTING
10. ACID RAIN
11. SUBWAY
12. SEWAGE
13. TRANSPORTATION
14. METROPOLITAN AREA
15. YOGA
16. DAY CARE
17. HOBBY
18. BUTTERFLY
19. SUPPLY AND DEMAND
20. CAPITALISM
21. INFLATION
22. INTEREST
23. MARKET RESEARCH
24. GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
25. VALUE-ADDED TAX
26. TAXATION
27. PROFIT
28. BANK
29. BANK SERVICES
30. TRADE
31. GAME THEORY
32. DEFLATION
33. PETROLIUM
34. ASTRONOMY
35. ISRAEL
36. TENSIONS BETWEEN ISRAEL AND THE PALESTINIANS
37. BILL GATES
38. GREECE
39. WORLD
40. ENCYCLOPEDIA
41. IMMIGRATION
42. HUMAN BEING
43. INSECT
44. PEACE
45. WAR
46. MURDER
47. CHAPLIN, CHARLIE
48. GLUE
49. JOYCE, JAMES
50. KAFKA, FRANZ
51. TCHAIKOVSKY, PETER ILICH
52. EMBROIDERY
53. GOGOL, NIKOLAI
54. MATERIALISM
55. DOUGLAS, MICHAEL
56. INDUCTIVE METHOD
57. HOMER
58. SYNAGOGUE
59. BLAKE, WILLIAM
60. SHAW, GEORGE BERNARD
61. SEVEN WONDERS OF
62. THE ANCIENT WORLD
63.GOD
64. RELIGION
65. TROJAN WAR
66. HUNTING
67. RECREATION
68. OXFORD UNIVERSITY
69. EFFICIENT LEARNING
70. MEMORY
71.PERFUME
73. WRESTLING
75.TEA
77.AESTHETICS
78.BIOLOGY
83.DEATH
85.CHOCOLATE
87.VEGETARIANISM
88.WEIGHT CONTROL
90. HOW TO CONTROL OBESITY
91.SUPERSTITION
93.RELATIVITY
97.IMPERIALISM
99.PIPE
100.TORTURE
101.TIGER
103.BAT
104.TRADE
107.ALCHEMY
108.HAYDN
109.CALENDAR
111.BLUES
112.WORDSWORTH, WILLIAM
113.ARMENIA
117.ZEUS
118.MIGRATION
120.PARSLEY
121.NIGHTHENGALE FLORENCE
123.CIRCUMCISION
124.POULTRY
126.UNIVERSE
128.MILKY WAY
129.CONCENTRATION CAMP
130.ADOLESCENT
137.MULTIPLE BIRTH
138.ARABIC LANGUAGE
139.MUSEUM
141.FASHION
143.DANCE
145.RAP
146.BATMAN
147.JACK LONDON
148.RIP VAN WINKLE
149.PYRAMIDS
151.BOSPHORUS
152.LEONARDO DA VINCI
156.DIVING
159.USA
164.MARRIAGE


3
BOOKS
Book consists of written or printed sheets of paper or some other material fastened together along one edge so it can be opened at any point. Most books have a protective cover. Books are a
reasonably inexpensive and convenient way to store, transport, and find knowledge and information. The book thus ranks as one of humanity's greatest inventions.
People have used books in some form for more than 5,000 years. In ancient times, people wrote on
clay tablets, strips of wood, or other materials. The term book comes from the early English word boc, which means tablet or written sheets. The first printed books in Europe appeared during the mid-1400's. Since then, millions of books have been printed on almost every subject and in every written language. Young readers are familiar with storybooks, textbooks, workbooks, and comic books. We often consult almanacs, dictionaries, encyclopedias, and telephone books for reference.
We read novels, books of poetry, and printed versions of plays for entertainment.
The pages of a book are glued or sewed together along one side, called the spine or back. Two covers are joined by hinges to the spine. Books are either hardbound or softbound, depending on
the cover. Most hardbound books have covers made of cloth, plastic, or leather over cardboard. A
paper dust jacket is often added to protect the cover. Softbound books, called paperbacks, have
paper covers. Usually, the book title and other information appear on a book's spine and front cover
as well as on its dust jacket.
Inside the front cover of a typical book is a collection of pages called the preliminary material. The material begins with a blank or decorated end paper, followed by the half-title page. The recto (front
side) of this page carries the book's title. The verso (back of the page) may be blank, or may carry a list of other books by the same author. Throughout the book, the verso is always an even-numbered page and the recto is always odd-numbered.
The title page carries the full title of the book and the author's name on the recto. It also carries the imprint, which is the place and date of publication and the name of the publisher or company issuing
the book. The verso of the title page contains additional publication information and a statement of copyright, which is a notification that the book's contents are the property of the author or publisher.
In the earliest printed books, the information now carried on the title page appeared at the end of
the book in a statement called the colophon. The illustration that faces the title page is called the frontispiece.