JLPT Grammar

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JLPT GRAMMAR GUIDE

A

AGEKU、AGEKU NO (~あげく、~あげくの)Grade 2

Meaning: After much __ing... Used only for negative results, such as "After much worrying, I decided to quit my job."

Notes: Same as 'sue ni' but can only be used for actions which have negative results. 'Sue ni' , on the other hand, can be used for both positive and negative things. Ageku and ageku no are the same meaning, but differ grammatically. ageku is a conjunction, used to join two clause, whereas ageku no always comes before a noun.

Example: 両親と話し合ったあげく、学校を辞めることにした。(りょうしんとはなしあったあげく、がっこうをやめることにした。)After consulting with my parents, I quit school.

両親と話あったあげくの決定です。(両親とはなしあったあげくの決定です。)This is a decision that I reached after talking with my parents.

CF: sue ni

AREBA

(see to areba)

 

ATARANAI

(See ni ataranai)

ATTE NO (~あっての)Grade 1

Meaning: It's only possible because of...; If not for A, B would not be possible.

Notes: Comes between two nouns.

Example: 法律あっての社会。(ほうりつあってのしゃかい。)Society is only possible because of laws.

B

BAKARI NI (~ばかりに) Grade 2

Meaning: Because. Always indicates a negative outcome.

Example: 新車を買ったばかりにお金がありません。(しんしゃをかったばかりにおかねがありません。)

勉強しなかったばかりに試験に失敗した。(べんきょうしなかったばかりにしけんにしっぱいした。)I failed the test because I didn't study.

I don't have any money because I bought a new car.

 

~BA KOSO (~ばこそ)Grade 1

Meaning: If only.

Notes: Always used with a conditional form verb.

Example: お金があればこそ、旅行できる。(おかねがあればこそ、りょこうできる。)If only I had money, I could go on a trip.

CF: Koso

BEKARAZU, BEKARAZARU (~べからず、~べからざる)Grade 1

Meaning: Shouldn't; Don't.

Notes: Written only. Old fashioned word that was often used on public notices prohibiting actions. Bekarazu always comes at the end of a sentence. Bekarazaru comes before a noun. Although the meanings are completely different, they may throw in questions where both beku and gatera would be appropriate, but only one would be grammatically correct. Beku comes after a masu form verb, or a gerund. E.g. Hakamairi o suru beku, furusato ni kaetta.

Example: ここにごみを捨てるべからず。(ここにごみをすてるべからず。)Do not throw your garbage here.

許すべからざるできごとだ。(ゆるすべからざるできごとだ。)That matter is something I can never forgive.

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⏰ Last updated: Aug 07, 2009 ⏰

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